Do you, or your child, have a health complain and would you prefer to be treated with natural products and food advices than with drugs in order to be cured?

Do you, or your child, have complaints which are difficult to treat with regular medicine or which are recurrent?

Do you take regular medicines and would you like to recover in a more natural way, thus enabling you to reduce progressively these medicines in agreement with your therapist?

Do you experience side effects from medicines or vaccinations or are the medicines that you are taking not totally helping to solve your complaints?

Are you tired, do you often feel unwell? Are you, or your child, feeling restless, and find it difficult to relax or concentrate?

Would you prefer to take medicines which are not tested on animals?

Then Classic Homeopathy and food supplements is the right approach for you!

'Fair' definition of Homeopathy on Free-Wiki


For years, Wikipedia is giving a false definition of Homeopathy, pretending that homeopathy is not scientifically proven, which is wrong. Any attempt to update this definition with proves has been rejected. Therefore, a group of scientists have created Free-Wiki to give ' Fair' definition of Homeopathy and a number of other subjects.
If you click on this link you can read the full definition. On this site you will find other interesting ' fair' definitions.
https://www.freewiki.eu/en/index.php?title=Homeopathy

Bellow we have copied the all Free-Wiki definition, of Homeopathy, in case the Free-Wiki  site would not be accessible anymore.

Homeopathy or homoeopathy — from the Greek hómoios (similar) and páthos (suffering) - is a therapeutic system based on four principles that work  together in synergy.
Homoeopathy may be defined as a minute amount of a potentised  substance, that will cure a totality of symptoms uniquely similar to those which it can cause in healthy people. 
The four principles are:
  1. Like cures like
  2. Totality of symptoms
  3. Individuality
  4. Minimum dose
None of these four principles alone justifies the term homoeopathy when used alone. It is the combination and utilization of all four principles that makes the practice what is termed ‘Classical Homoeopathy.’ Any compromise of one of the principles renders homoeopathy less effective.
The first principle, ‘Like cures like’, means using a particular substance  to cure a disease pattern similar to the one it can create in a relatively healthy human being. This disease pattern is ascertained by ‘provings’, literally a test of the substance on volunteers, who will meticulously record all the symptoms they experience during this experiment. It is the science and art of the homoeopathic practitioner to match the proving picture to the patient as accurately as possible.
The second principle, Totality, means observing the whole symptom picture, which includes mental, emotional and physical symptoms. The practitioner perceives the pattern that runs through these symptoms, and combines them into one meaningful picture. There are a variety of different systems or tools that may help the practitioner to perceive the totality of symptoms.
The third principle, Individuality, means that no matter what the disease name or type, each person needs a medicine or remedy to match their own particular set of symptoms. Thus ten people suffering from migraines may receive ten different remedies depending on the individual headaches and general symptoms. A patient may have a headache on the left or right, at 6am or 3pm, burning or sharp pain, with or without visual disturbance etc. Each will receive a different remedy.
The fourth principle is ‘Minimum dose’ or ‘Less is more.’ This means that smaller doses are more effective than larger ones, and minute quantities are used, often diluted below Avogadro’s number.  This principle is often misunderstood by those unfamiliar with homoeopathy.  It is also the most frequently attacked by so-called "skeptics", while they ignore the other three principles. However these attacks are based on the erroneous assumption that this principle means merely diluting the remedy. In addition to dilution, the remedy is vigorously succussed or agitated at each stage of dilution. It is only when the remedy is succussed that it becomes more effective. This process is called potentisation because it renders the remedy more potent. The mechanism by which this works is not known, but it is clearly different then just diluting the remedy and is a well-known mechanism in chemistry.
In order for the potentised remedy to be effective, it must be accurately prescribed, based on the first three principles of Similarity, Totality and Individuality. When it does match these criteria then the potentised dose will act like a catalyst, stimulating the organism to activate its innate healing powers in the most effective direction for cure.
It might be said that the accurate homoeopathic prescription provides information to the person rather than a chemical quantity. Much like a software program, the information  is not tangible but provides the correct program that stimulates the organism into healing. Simply buying a potentized remedy off the shelf does not make it homoeopathic. It is only when these four principles are fulfilled and work in synergy that a remedy is homoeopathic.[1]



This page has been retrieved from the Webarchive, read on 18.7.18 as an archived website of the former site Wiki4CAM as of the date of 25.10.2012. This site has been run by Manish Bhatia until it was destroyed by materialist fanatics and had to be given up. We replay some of their good and informational pages. The links of this page often don't work and have to be renewed. Please help FreeWiki to adapt this archived page to normal use and to update and rewrite parts of it. Parts of this page may have already been changed and adapted. Homeopathic remedies are prepared by diluting drugs and other compounds into extremely small doses, which are then vigorously shaken ("succussed") in water or ethanol and finally dispensed in pills or liquid form. In 2010, an Indian team claimed to have found that commercially manufactured metal-derived high-dilution remedies contain nanoparticles of the metals and their aggregates.[1][2]
The founder of modern homeopathy was a medical doctor, many modern medical practitioners all over the world prescribe some homeopathic remedies, and most governments recognise homeopathy as legitimate treatment.
The underlying concept of homeopathy is "like cures like" and is based on "the principle of similars", which asserts that substances known to cause particular symptoms can also, in low and specially prepared doses, help to cure diseases that cause similar symptoms, thus its derived name from the Greek hómoios (similar) and páthos (suffering). Remedies are prepared by a well defined process, which includes a trituration of the oroginal substance in lactose and following in their diluting into extremely small doses, while vigorously shaking them ("succussing") with each step of diluting in water or ethanol. They are then dispensed in pills, globules or liquid form. According to the homeopathic method this dilution and succussion process is what gives the remedies their potency.
Some principles of homeopathy have been utilized in various forms in various medical systems for thousands of years in many diverse cultures[3], but they were first methodically set out by a German physician, Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843), who observed that a medicine sometimes evoked symptoms similar to those of the illness for which it was prescribed.
Homeopaths point to a long safety record for their very dilute remedies. On the other hand, homeopaths assert that there are much greater risks in utilizing conventional medical treatments even when these treatments have been "scientifically verified" because medical history is replete with evidence that such verification changes dramatically with time.
There are many clinical trials and studies which show that homeopathy is effective[3][4].


Contents [hide]  PrinciplesSome principles of homeopathy have been utilized in various forms in various medical systems for thousands of years in many diverse cultures[5], but they were first methodically set out by a German physician, Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843), who observed that a medicine sometimes evoked symptoms similar to those of the illness for which it was prescribed. Related maxims such as the "Law of similars" are common in anthropological literature.[6] [7]
In traditional homeopathic theory, every person has a "vital force", with the power to promote healing and/or maintain good health. Homeopaths believe that this "vital force" is akin to what physiologists would call the body's "defense systems" or to qi[8] in traditional Chinese medicine. In this theory, the signs and symptoms of a disease reflect efforts of the body to counter infection, or to resist damage from environmental toxins or from various stresses. Homeopathic treatment – it is claimed – attempts to strengthen this "vital force" with the help of remedies that are chosen for their ability (in large doses) to provoke the very symptoms that the remedy is intended to heal by stimulating the natural healing processes with the help of sub-physiological doses of a remedy.
"Classical homeopathy" or "Hahnemannian homeopathy" refers to the original principles of this medical system in which a single remedy is chosen according to the physical, emotional, and mental symptoms that the sick individual is experiencing rather than only the diagnosis of a disease. Two basic principles are the principle of similars ("like cures like") and the principle of infinitesimals - the idea that remedies become more potent if they undergo a process called potentization, which consists of repeated dilutions with vigorous shaking (succusion) between each dilution. Individualization of treatment is essential in classical homeopathy, whereby a remedy is chosen based on the person's overall 'syndrome of symptoms', not just a generic disease diagnosis.
"Commercial" or "user-friendly" homeopathy refers to the use of a mixture of remedies in a single formula containing individual ingredients that are generally chosen by the manufacturer for treating specific ailments.
OverviewHomeopaths assert that, in their view, the overall evidence for homeopathy, including clinical research, basic sciences research, historical usage of homeopathic medicines in the treatment of people in various infectious disease epidemics, and widespread and international usage of homeopathic medicines today, indeed provide extraordinary evidence for the benefits of this system.[9]
Homeopathy has a rich history; many famous people over the past 200 years have been users and advocates of it[10], and it is an important element in the history of medicine generally. The growth of homeopathy in the 19th century had a significant influence in determining how conventional medicine organised and developed, and in how it came to formulate its present vision of evidence-based medicine, in contrast to practice based on individual clinical experience.
Homeopaths are proud of their history and are convinced of the efficacy of their remedies. Homeopathic medicines are used by many people throughout the world; like many other complementary and alternative therapies, homeopathy generally scores highly in "patient satisfaction" surveys, and it has a reservoir of public support. In the U.K. for instance, one of the countries where homeopathy has relatively strong public support, a survey cited by the British Homeopathic Association found that 15% of the public "trust" homeopathy. This same survey also found higher percentages of trust in homeopathy in other countries: 58% Brazil, 53% Chile, 49% Saudi Arabia, 40% France, 28% Russia, 27% Germany, and 18% USA.
Historical originsFor more information, see: History of Homeopathy.
The early Greek physician Hippocrates of Cos (c. 450 BCE - 380 BCE)[11], who is considered to be the "father of medicine", is also claimed by homeopaths as a pioneer in their own tradition—notably because Hippocrates taught that "Natural forces within us are the true healers of disease," but also because he thought that some diseases could be cured by the same things that caused them—arguably an early expression of the principle of similars.[12] In the 16th century the pioneer of pharmacology Paracelsus declared that small doses of “what makes a man ill also cures him", anticipating homeopathy.[13] It was not until the late 18th century, however, that this theory was coupled with an experimental method to determine in detail what symptoms a substance causes and thereby what a particular medicine might cure. This experimental method was developed by the German physician Samuel Hahnemann with his method of "provings"—studies of the effects, in humans, of high dosages.
In 1783, disillusioned with the medicine of his time and the many toxic effects of its treatments, Hahnemann, who knew nine languages, gave up his medical practice and devoted himself to translating medical books, including many of the leading textbooks of the day. Among them was the Treatise on Materia Medica (1789) by William Cullen, the leading physician of the 18th century. Cullen had written that cinchona bark (which contains quinine) was effective in treating malaria because of its bitter and astringent properties. Hahnemann questioned this theory because he knew that other substances were as bitter and astringent, but had no therapeutic value in this deadly disease.[14][15]
Hahnemann observed from his experiments with cinchona bark, used as a treatment for malaria, that the effects he experienced from ingesting the bark were similar to the symptoms of malaria. He therefore reasoned that cure proceeds through similarity, and that treatments must be able to produce symptoms in healthy individuals similar to those of the disease being treated. Through further experiments with other substances, Hahnemann observed the same results and therefore conceived of the law of similars, otherwise known as "let like be cured by like" (Latin: similia similibus curentur) as a fundamental healing principle. He believed that by inducing a syndrome of symptoms similar to the disease through the use of a remedy, the vis medicatrix naturae or natural healing processes of the body would get stimulated enough to neutralise and expel the original disease and that this artificial disturbance would naturally subside when the remedy was no longer being taken. It is based on the idea that a substance that in large doses will produce symptoms of a specific disease will, in extremely small doses, cure it. He used his experiments and the principle of similars to develop a new system of health care, as an alternative to the often toxic and ineffective drugs and treatments offered by conventional physicians of the time.
Hahnemann named his system of health care "homoeopathy" (meaning "like disease") - but most people now spell it "homeopathy" - and coined the term "allopathy" ("different than disease") to refer to the conventional medicine of the day, because its drugs were sometimes "similar," sometimes "opposite," but usually just "different" to the symptoms of the sick person.[16] For the first two decades of Hahnemann's practice of homeopathy, he used "crude" doses of various medicinal substances ("crude", in homeopathic use, means doses that still contain some of the original ingredient). He strove to find the lowest doses at which his remedies would still be effective, as he thought this the best way to avoid any adverse side-effects. To his surprise, it seemed that reducing the dose did not reduce the effectiveness of his treatments. Instead, he concluded that his remedies worked better the more he diluted them as long as he “potentized” them, i.e. serial dilution followed by vigorous shaking (succussion). Homeopathy thus became inextricably linked with this process of ultradilution—repeated dilution of substances followed by succussion. Hahnemann did not offer a clear explanation as to how or why these potentized medicines might have therapeutic benefits; he distrusted all theoretical explanations and argued that all that mattered was whether a treatment was therapeutically effective.[17]. He believed that diseases were caused by "spirit-like derangements of the spirit-like power that animates the human body", beginning with 'indispositions' and that effective healing called for medicines that would stimulate this life force to reestablish homeostasis and health.
Homeopathy was introduced into the U.S.A. in 1825 by Hans Burch Gram, a Boston-born doctor who had studied homeopathy in Europe. In 1830, the first homeopathic schools opened (the first homeopathic medical college in the U.S.A. opened in 1835, in Allentown, Pennsylvania), and throughout the 19th century dozens of homeopathic institutions appeared in Europe and the U.S.A. Apart from his ventures into homeopathy, Hahnemann had been a prominent and respected public health reformer, and in the 1830s the Medical Society of the Country of New York had granted him honorary membership. However, a few years later the society rescinded this when they realized the "ideological and financial threat" that homeopathic medicine posed.[18] In 1844, the first U.S. national medical association - the American Institute of Homoeopathy - was established.[19] By the end of the 19th century, 8% of American medical practitioners were homeopaths, and there were 20 homeopathic medical colleges (including Boston University, New York Medical College, and the Universities of Ohio State,Iowa, Minnesota and Michigan) and more than 100 homeopathic hospitals in the U.S.A. One reason for the growing popularity of homeopathy was its relative success in treating people suffering from the infectious disease epidemics that raged at the time.[20] Cholera, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, and yellow fever were rampant and killed many people, but death rates in homeopathic hospitals were often very much lower than in the conventional hospitals, which did nothing to combat them. Death rates in conventional hospitals were typically two- to eight-fold higher than in homeopathic hospitals for patients with these infectious diseases.[21]
In the early 20th century, the "Flexner Report," sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation with support from the American Medical Association, triggered major changes in American medical education. As a result, many medical schools and colleges, including those teaching homeopathy were closed down, while others became conventional medical schools (including Hahnemann Medical College, Boston University, New York Medical College, and Ohio State University). In the 1960s, the popularity of homeopathy began to revive again in the U.S.A, and a 1999 survey reported that over 6 million Americans had used homeopathy in the previous 12 months. According to the American Homeopathic Pharmaceutical Association, the 1995 retail sales of homeopathic remedies in the U.S.A. were estimated at $201 million and growing at a 20% per year; the number of homeopathic practitioners in the U.S.A. increased from fewer than 200 in the 1970s to approximately 3,000 in 1996.
Homeopathic provingsFor more information, see: Homeopathic provings
Homeopathic practitioners determine the specific therapeutic indications for their remedies from experiments in toxicology called provings, in which volunteers are given repeated doses of substances (usually in single-blind or double-blind trials), until symptoms of overdose are observed. The effects of each medicinal substance are recorded in textbooks, called Materia Medica[22] and Repertory,[23] or nowadays in expert system software. Homeopathic provings provide an experimental basis to determine what a substance causes in overdose and thereby what it is thought to cure. The symptom complexes that these substances cause are subsequently used to compare with a patient's physical and psychological symptoms in order to select, as the appropriate most similar remedy, the substance whose effects are closest to the patient's symptoms—called the "simillimum".
Homeopaths prescribe a remedy (in potentized doses) when a sick person has a syndrome of symptoms that resemble the syndrome of symptoms that it causes in drug proving. The recorded symptoms need to be interpreted by an experienced homeopath to understand the conditions for which the remedy might be considered as possibly useful.
In September 2006 the U.K.’s licensing body, the Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, altered their regulations to permit homeopathic remedies to be advertised using homeopathic provings to support their claims (justifying phrasing such as “For the relief of...”. This change elicited protests from scientists, who called it a departure from the principle that such claims should be justified by evidence of efficacy.[24]
Homeopathic manufacture of remediesIn the U.S.A., the Homœopathic Pharmacopœia of the United States[25] is a legally recognized handbook that describes how to manufacture homeopathic drugs. This reference is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the governmental agency that regulates drugs. Medicines listed in the HPUS defines them as homeopathic drugs which grants them a different standard of drug regulation[26] than conventional drugs and medical devices. A summary describes the principles:
FDA regulates homeopathic drugs in several significantly different ways from other drugs. The Manufacturers of homeopathic drugs are deferred from submitting new drug applications to FDA. Their products are exempt from good manufacturing practice requirements related to expiration dating and from finished product testing for identity and strength. Homeopathic drugs in solid oral dosage form must have an imprint that identifies the manufacturer and which indicates that the drug is homeopathic.[27]
In 1938, the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, sponsored by New York Senator Royal Copeland, a homeopathic physician (and former homeopathic medical school dean), gave the FDA the power to regulate drugs and granted legal recognition to the "Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the United States" as a compendium of drugs. In contrast, non-homeopathic drugs for which a New Drug Application is required must be accompanied by approved evidence of safety and efficacy; simple listing in a reference is not sufficient.[27] Today, homeopaths use about 3,000 different remedies, from animal, plant, mineral, or synthetic sources.
By convention, the first letter of the Latin-derived name of such preparations is capitalized. When the source is well-defined, the traditional name rather than chemical, International Nonproprietary Name or biological nomenclature, is preferred, such as Natrum muriaticum rather than sodium chloride. Ultimately, any substance can become a homeopathic medicine if "drug provings" (tests to determine the symptoms produced by toxic doses) are first conducted to determine what it causes in overdose and therefore what it can cure in potentized doses. Remedies used in homeopathy are commonly made from plants, trees, fungi, and algae,[28] as well as from a wide variety of mineral and animal sources. Even some unusual substances, called imponderables, can and are made into homeopathic medicines, including electricity, X-ray, and magnetic north and south poles.
Homeopathic remedies are available in several different forms (single medicine, homeopathic formula or complex medicines, and a limited number of external applications). Remedies for internal consumption come either in pill form or as liquid. Most do not require a doctor's prescription, but some may need one if the dosage is in a non-potentized or low potency dose and if the substance is potentially toxic (in Europe, a medicine must be diluted at least 1:10 three times to be deemed homeopathic). In the U.S.A., if a homeopathic remedy is claimed to treat a serious disease such as cancer, it can be sold only by prescription. Only products sold for “self-limiting conditions” — colds, coughs, fever, headaches, and other minor health problems — can be sold without a prescription (over-the-counter).
Preparation of homeopathic remediesThe most characteristic principle of homeopathy is that the efficacy of a remedy can be enhanced and its side-effects reduced by a process known as "dynamization" or "potentization". In this process, liquids are diluted (with water or ethanol) and shaken by ten hard strikes against an elastic body ("succussion"), to get the next, succeeding higher potency. For this, Hahnemann had a saddlemaker construct a wooden "striking board", covered in leather on one side and stuffed with horsehair.[29] When insoluble solids such as oyster shell[30] are used for remedies, they are diluted by grinding them with lactose ("trituration"). The original serial dilutions by Hahnemann used a 1 part in 100 (centesimal; "C" potencies), or 1 part in 50,000 (quintamillesimal; "LM" or "L" potencies). Dr. Constantine Hering of Philadelphia later introduced the Decimal potencies ("D" or "X" potencies). A large number of homeopathic medicines sold in health food stores and pharmacies are "low potencies," that is, doses that are 3X, 3C, 6X, 6C, 12X, and 12C, all of which, except the last dose, have material doses of the original substances in the medicine. The higher potencies (30, 200, 1,000 and higher) are more commonly prescribed by professional homeopaths, and typically homeopaths have found these doses to be powerful enough to only need a single dose to have a long-term effect (from several weeks to several months or longer). Research studies that determine the efficacy of homeopathic medicines are discussed elsewhere in this article.
The dilution factor at each stage is 1:100 ("C" potencies), 1:50,000 ("LM" potencies) or 1:10 ("D" or "X" potencies) ; Hahnemann advocated <math>30C</math> dilutions for most purposes (i.e. dilution by a factor of 10030 = 1060). The number of molecules in a given weight of a substance can be calculated by Avogadro's number (see the section "Attempts to provide a scientific foundation for homeopathy" below), and it is extremely unlikely that even one molecule of the original substance would be present in a <math>30C</math> dilution. Thus, homeopathic remedies of a high "potency"' contain just water, but according to homeopaths, the structure of the water has been altered (see memory of water).
"Classical homeopathy" or "Hahnemannian homeopathy" refers to the original principles of this medical system in which a single remedy is chosen according to the physical, emotional, and mental symptoms that the sick individual is experiencing rather than only the diagnosis of a disease. "Commercial" or "user-friendly" homeopathy refers to the use of a mixture of remedies in a single formula containing individual ingredients that are generally chosen by the manufacturer for treating specific ailments. Such homeopathic remedies are used by consumers all over the world for self-treatment of common self-limiting ailments and injuries.
Similia similibus curentur – the law of similarsSimilia similibus curentur or "let likes cure likes", is the assertion that a disease/problem can be cured by remedies that (in macroscopic, milligram doses) produce the same symptoms as those of the disease. This assertion, known as "the law of similars", is a guiding principle in homeopathy. Homeopaths consider that two conventional concepts, vaccination, and hormesis, can be considered as analogous to homeopathy's law of similars and the use of small doses.
Scientists and medical doctors today do not think that the principle of similars is generally true or useful, and they explain the efficacy of vaccination without referring to it. Physicians of the 19th century however did consider that the principle could be valuable. For example, Emil Adolph von Behring (1854-1917)[31], who won the first Nobel Prize in medicine in 1901 for discoveries that led to vaccines against tetanus and diphtheria, and who some consider to be the father of immunology, asserted that vaccination is, in part, derived from the homeopathic principle of similars.
In spite of all scientific speculations and experiments regarding smallpox vaccination, Jenner’s discovery remained an erratic block in medicine, till the biochemically thinking Pasteur, devoid of all medical classroom knowledge, traced the origin of this therapeutic block to a principle which cannot better be characterized than by Hahnemann’s word: homeopathic. [32]
There are many different mechanisms by which tolerance can develop - and exposure to repeated small doses does not always result in tolerance. A herpetologist who receives many small doses of snake venom may indeed become tolerant to them. A beekeeper, however, may become hypersensitive to the venom and, after receiving a sting, go into anaphylaxis. This type of response to small, not necessarily precisely measured, doses is not predictable on an individual basis. "Allergic desensitization" is a technique used in conventional medicine to treat individuals who have a specific allergy to something that they cannot easily avoid. This involves exposing the patient repeatedly to tightly controlled doses, increasing the doses gradually over time. This treatment can be dangerous (exposure of sensitive individuals to an allergen can produce anaphylaxis), and it has very inconsistent efficacy, so is normally only attempted when the allergy poses serious restrictions on the patient's normal life.
Both mithridatization and homeopathy might be considered as instances of hormesis, which describes the phenomenon that some chemicals at high concentrations have opposite biological effects to those at low concentrations. [34]
Recent research has shown that some conventional drugs, which are normally used to do something, can lead to the opposite effect, when stopped - a rebound effect[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]; homeopathy uses the rebound effect of a remedy to stimulate natural healing.
Homeopathy in practiceUsers of homeopathy gain access to it in a number of ways: in some countries, it is sold over-the-counter in both pharmacies and health food or other retail outlets that cater towards those seeking alternative medicine. Many people approach a homeopath: some countries allow homeopaths to describe themselves in equivalent ways to doctors, with a system of qualification and oversight. In India, homeopathy has the status of a 'national system' of medicine. In the United Kingdom, physicians can refer patients to homeopaths in some areas, and there are a number of homeopathic hospitals.
In addition to those homeopathic remedies prescribed in the professions practicing homeopathy, remedies are used by consumers all over the world for self-treatment of common self-limiting ailments and injuries. Some medical doctors, particularly in Germany, France, and several other European countries prescribe homeopathic medicines for wide variety of both self-limiting conditions and serious diseases with a high rate of patient satisfaction. Other physicians work with patients who self-prescribe homeopathic remedies or receive them from other practitioners.
There are no universal standards for homeopathic education, so licensing and regulation varies from country to country and from state to state within the U.S.A. In some countries, all (or virtually all) professionals that use homeopathic treatments are MDs (such as France, Spain, Argentina, Colombia)[52][53]. Some countries have exclusively homeopathic medical schools (India, Pakistan, Mexico etc.), some have naturopathic medicine colleges in which students are taught homeopathy as part of their curriculum (Germany has its "Heilpraktiker"/health practitioners; the U.S.A., Canada, and Australia have naturopathic medicine schools that include homeopathy), and some countries certify "professional homeopaths" who have attended homeopathic schools and who then pass independent examinations that grant "certification" as homeopaths. In the U.S.A., there is also a separate certification process available only to MDs and DOs (there are similar choices of certification available in the U.K. for medical doctors, who've done at least MBBS). Also in the U.S.A., naturopathic physicians have their own homeopathic certifying agency.
In Europe homeopathy is practiced by many conventional physicians, including 30-40% of French doctors and 20% of German doctors. Some homeopathic treatment is partly covered by some European public health services, including in France and Denmark. In France, 35% of the costs of homeopathic medicine prescribed by a medical doctor are reimbursed from health insurance. In the U.K., five homeopathic hospitals are funded by the National Health Service (NHS) and homeopathic remedies are sold over the counter, and there, homeopathy is one of the most popular alternative and complementary treatment modalities
In 2007, the over-the-counter market in homeopathy was around £40million in the U.K. [54]; the total over-the-counter market was £1.2 billion in 1994. Family doctors in the U.K. issued 796 million prescriptions in 2007, of which 49,300 were for homeopathic remedies, down from 83,000 in 2005. [55] In January 2008, it was reported that the NHS was progressively withdrawing funding for homeopathic treatments because of doubts about their efficacy [56]. Of 248,000 registered practitioners of medicine in the U.K., about 400 are members of the Faculty of Homeopathy. However, homeopathy is still not a fully regulated profession in the U.K.—anyone can declare themselves to be a homeopath and practice without any qualification ("common law" that allows freedom of choice in medical care in England has a long history) [57]
In France and Denmark licenses are required to diagnose any illness or to dispense any product whose purpose is to treat illness.[58] In many countries, however, there are no specific legal regulations concerning homeopathy. In Austria, the public health service generally requires proof of effectiveness to reimburse medical treatments, but makes an exception for homeopathy.[58]
In India, where there are more than 300,000 registered practitioners of homeopathy, homeopathy is formally recognised by the Government as one of the Indian "National Systems of Medicine", under the Department of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy)[59], while conventional, western medical education is controlled by the Medical Council of India[60]. About 10% of the Indian population depends solely on homeopathy for their health care needs. In India it is illegal to practice as a homeopath without a license and professional qualifications.
Almost 70% of all over-the-counter homeopathic remedies are sold in Western Europe. France is the largest market for homeopathic remedies in the world, worth over 300 million euros in 2003 (in a total over-the-counter drug market of over 770 billion euros), followed by Germany (200 million euros). The global self-medication market is estimated at 48.2 billion dollars (13.4% of the world pharmaceuticals market), of which sales of homeopathic remedies account for 0.3%. [61]
A typical homeopathic visitWhen a homeopath is conducting an interview to characterise a patient's syndrome of symptoms, some "categories of change" are identified as important:
(1) emotion
(2) mentation
(3) specific physical functioning
(4) general physical changes
(5) perception of self
(6) relationships
(7) spirituality
(8) lifestyle
(9) energy
(10) dream content and tone
(11) well-being
(12) perceptions by others
(13) life relationships
(14) a sense of freedom or feeling less "stuck"
(15) sleep
(16) coping
(17) ability to adapt
(18) creativity
(19) recall of past experiences[62]Homeopathic remedies can be prescribed by professional homeopaths, naturopaths, acupuncturists, chiropractors, and physicians with additional homeopathic training and certification, and how these decide what to prescribe will differ accordingly. Classical homeopaths place emphasis on the patient's unique symptoms and their psychological state, and they gather this information from an interview, typically lasting from 15 minutes to two hours (comparable to conventional physicians), with one or more follow-up consultations of 15 to 45 minutes. They place special emphasis on the way the patient experiences their disease—i.e. they give priority to the overall syndrome of symptoms and the unique and idiosyncratic symptoms which they consider different than the conventional medical approach of trying to identify the causes of the disease. The goal is to determine the factors that might predispose the patient to disease and find a treatment that will strengthen that particular patient's "overall constitution".
After the interview, the homeopath consults the references described in the table on the right. Some homeopaths make quick prescriptions based on "keynotes"—the highlights of the best known characteristics of a remedy. The real challenge of homeopathic practice, though, is to find the remedy that best matches the patient's syndrome of physical and/or psychological symptoms—the "similimum". A fundamental reason for conflict between conventional medicine and homeopathy is that homeopathy rejects the concept of treatments that target mechanisms of disease, and instead uses remedies that target syndromes of symptoms that they believe strengthen a person's overall constitution. Some homeopathic protocols might look like the following:
  • A physician qualified in both homeopathy and conventional medicine, after diagnosing a chronic condition that does not indicate the need for medical urgency, will usually first prescribe a homeopathic remedy which he feels may be more effective and is likely to have fewer side effects than conventional drugs.
  • Homeopaths recognize that trauma might require conventional medical attention but may complement the conventional treatment with homeopathy.
  • Homeopaths disagree with conventional medicine about the role of immunization and chemoprophylaxis for infectious diseases and prefer to prescribe homeopathic remedies that they believe will strengthen a person's immune and defense system.
  • For some disease conditions, such as asthma and acute bronchitis, homeopathic remedies are often prescribed not only to alleviate chronic symptoms, but also to treat acute attacks. Homeopathic remedies might also be used after an asthmatic episode with the intent to prevent recurrences.
  • An adequately trained homeopath is expected to recognize symptoms that indicate an acute and potentially fatal condition. The practitioner is expected to have emergency medical training and equipment appropriate to his or her level of training in the place of practice (e.g., dressings and basic airway management tools for an individual with training at the Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) of Basic or higher level, and preferably an automatic external defibrillator and advanced cardiac life support resources generally accepted as appropriate for an office. Potentially serious acute ailments may require medical supervision, but homeopaths sometimes prescribe remedies either for adjunctive use or as alternatives to conventional treatment.
The homeopathic treatment of acute problems does not need the same depth or breadth of interview as treatment of chronic conditions. According to homeopaths, because the symptoms of a common cold or a headache or an allergy vary from person to person, each may need a different remedy. However, they believe that people who experience an injury generally have similar symptoms, so they think that some homeopathic remedies might be routinely useful in such cases.
Homeopaths who practice "classical homeopathy" prescribe just one remedy at a time—a remedy that best fits the overall syndrome of the patient. The same remedy might thus be prescribed for patients suffering from very different diseases; conversely, patients suffering from what would be diagnosed conventionally as the same disease may be prescribed different remedies. For example, hay fever would be treated with any of several remedies, usually based on the specific symptoms, but sometimes on the etiology of the allergy. Some common remedies are: Allium cepa (onion, which causes tears to flow and a clear burning nasal discharge that irritates the nostrils), Euphrasia (eyebright, which causes a clear and bland nasal discharge along with tears that burn and irritate the skin where the tears flow), Ambrosia (ragweed) and Solidago (goldenrod); ,ragweed and goldenrod are herbs whose pollen is aggravating to some hay fever sufferers. These remedies are commonly given during the acute symptoms of hay fever. At other times, a professional homeopath will often treat these patients with a constitutional remedy based on the patient’s genetic history, health history, and present overall physical and/or psychological state, with the intent to strengthen the person’s general health, thereby reducing the frequency and/or intensity of the symptoms of hay fever.[63]
The claims for homeopathyHomeopaths view illness as a systemic condition, a disturbance in the overall homeostasis of the total being and accordingly, consider that almost any sick person, may benefit from proper homeopathic treatment.
"homeopathy is designed to treat the whole person and can therefore be considered in almost any situation where a person's health is depleted." [64]
As the American Institute of Homeopathy puts it in their "Standards of Practice": "The physician must remember that he is treating a patient who has some disorder; he is not prescribing for a disease entity." [65].
Homeopathic practitioners claim that their remedies are useful for a wide range of minor ailments, from cuts and bruises to coughs and colds. Patients often come to homeopaths with long-term problems which have not responded to conventional medicine, and homeopaths prescribe remedies to people with these conditions. Some of the common ailments for which patients seek homeopathic care are eczema, chronic fatigue syndrome, asthma, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, allergic disorders, arthritis, fibromyalgia, hypertension, Crohn's disease, premenstrual syndrome, rhinitis, anxiety and depression. They also treat patients with the most serious diseases, including multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.[66] and AIDS[67] For gangrene, for example, homeopathic remedies are prescribed in the belief that they will strengthen a person's own defenses and to initiate healing; a very different approach than medical therapy Some homeopathic remedies for gangrene include Arsenicum Album, Secale (from rye/ergot), and Carbo vegetabilis (from charcoal), amongst many others[68].
There is much objective evidence that homeopathic treatments are beneficial[3] (see Tests of the efficacy of homeopathy), and homeopaths state that the success of homeopathy for the last 200 years is itself an indication of its value.
Conflict with conventional medicineJames Tyler Kent and homeoprophylaxisSome homeopaths also believe that their treatments can prevent disease, a notion known as "'homeoprophylaxis".
James Tyler Kent (1849-1916) was prominently associated with the spread of homeopathy in the U.S.A., and much modern practice of homeopathy is based on his repertory, published in 1897. Kent denied the conventional germ theory of infectious disease, declaring that
"The microbe is not the cause of disease. We should not be carried away by these idle allopathic dreams and vain imaginations but should correct the Élan vital".
Instead, he believed that illness had spiritual causes:
"You cannot divorce medicine and theology. Man exists all the way down from his innermost spiritual, to his outermost natural." [69]
Kent promoted the idea that homeopathic remedies could not only cure diseases, but also prevent them:
"The great prophylactic is the homeopathic remedy. After working in an epidemic for a few weeks, you will find perhaps that half a dozen remedies are daily indicated and one in these remedies in a larger number of cases than any other. This one remedy seems to be the best suited to the general nature of the sickness. Now you will find that for prophylaxis there is required a less degree of similitude than is necessary for curing. A remedy will not have to be so similar to prevent disease as to cure it, and these remedies in daily use will enable you to prevent a large number of people from becoming sick. We must look to homeopathy for our protection as well as for our cure".
The notion of homeoprophylaxis has not received support from systematic trials and has no place in conventional medicine. Suggestions that homeopathic treatments are an effective alternative to vaccination are regarded as irresponsible by many public health professionals, and also by some professional homeopathic organizations; in the U.K., The Faculty for Homeopathy recognizes the importance of childhood vaccination and does not support the common use of homeopathic remedies in place of conventional travel vaccinations and for malaria prevention, warning travellers "that there is no evidence that these provide any degree of protection." [70]
In 2007, the Ministry of Health in Cuba gave 2.4 million people two doses of a leptospira nosode as homeoprophylaxis against an expected outbreak of leptospirosis (a bacterial infection spread by rats, or by contaminated water) after unusually heavy rainfall. According to a report at a conference on homeoprophylaxis was held in Cuba in late 2008, sponsored by the Finlay Institute, the Cuban manufacturer of the nosode, the levels of subsequent morbidity were below those expected given the rainfall and season.[71]
The theory underlying homeopathy is not considered plausible by many scientists working in academic institutions in Europe and the U.S.A., as conventional medicine as taught in official institutions is still based on a mechanistic paradigm, in which many scientist believe.
The mechanistic view is that homeopathy, insofar as it has any effect at all, exploits the placebo effect - i.e. that the only benefits are those induced by the power of suggestion, by arousing hope, and by alleviating anxiety. Conventional medical opinion does not deny the efficacy of placebo treatments in many cases, and placebos have played a large part in conventional medicine since their first deliberate use by William Cullen in the 18th century.
...we all recognise the strong placebo effect in, probably, all aspects of medical treatment, whether they are conventional or not" - Professor Tom Mead[72]
Cullen used regular drugs as placebos, but at much lower doses than were thought to be effective. He gave them "to comfort and please the patient" rather than with any hope of a specific effect. He used the word "placebo" in this sense in lectures given in 1772.[73]. Many modern physicians, however, consider it unethical to deliberately mislead their patients[74]; rather than prescribing placebos themselves for conditions they feel they cannot treat or do not need treatment (like abnormal sensations), some prefer to refer patients to regulated practitioners of alternative medicine.
Most homeopaths believe that the fundamental causes of disease are internal and constitutional and that infectious disease is not just the result of infection but also of susceptibility. This leads them to seek to avoid conventional treatments that suppress symptoms.
Whereas homeopaths emphasize that they provide remedies tailored to the individual patient's symptoms, conventional medicine focuses on treatments given in a standard form to large populations of patients with a given disease. Large clinical trials also seek to identify subgroups of patients (identifiable by age, gender, ethnicity, lifestyle, comorbidities etc.) that are "responders" or "non responders" to a new treatment, to provide a rational basis for individualization of treatments.
Medical organizations' attitudes towards homeopathyThe American Medical Association (AMA) was founded in 1847, three years after the American Institute of Homeopathy.[76] From the 1860s to the early 20th century, the AMA's ethical code forbade its members to consult with fellow MDs who practiced homeopathy. Although the AMA did not enforce many of its ethical guidelines, the "consultation clause" was one of the few that it did.[77] Today, the AMA is no longer overtly antagonistic to homeopathy, but their current policy statement says: "There is little evidence to confirm the safety or efficacy of most alternative therapies. Much of the information currently known about these therapies makes it clear that many have not been shown to be efficacious."[76]
Homeopathy is available on Britain's publically funded National Health Service since it was created in 1948. The NHS funds homeopathic hospitals in Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol and London and there are several NHS homeopathic clinics in Scotland, treating approximately 55,000 patients per year by some 600 doctors. However in 2010 the British Medical Association passed a vote to stop funding it on the service. In addition they agreed that pharmacists should remove homeopathic remedies from their shelves in order to prevent them from being confused with medicines, and instead they should be labelled as placebos.[78] Although the British Medical Association and other skeptics of homeopathy sought to get Britain's National Health Service to stop reimbursement for homeopathic treatment from medical doctors, the British government and its health minister declared that British citizens deserve a choice on the type of medical care they receive, and because homeopathic care has a long record of safety and patient satisfaction, homeopathic care remains a part of Britain's National Health Service.[79]
Safety and efficacy of homeopathyIn conventional medicine (see New Drug Application), the basic phases of evaluating a drug are determining if it causes dangerous effects in healthy volunteers, if it is adequately present in the body to achieve an effect, and if it is more effective than established treatments, against a disease. Not all trials are placebo controlled, but only those where there is no accepted treatment; new drugs must be compared with the best available existing treatment. See informed consent.
In conventional medicine, traditional randomized controlled trials rely on statistical analysis of large groups of patients all of whom are given the same treatment to determine whether that treatment is indeed effective. This conflicts with an approach that believes that treatments must be individually tailored to each patient. In reality, some homeopathic trials do use some standardization, but not always to an extent which would make the trials statistically robust. Clinical trial specialists for several techniques involving individualized treatment, such as homeopathy and pharmacogenomics, propose protocols to test "low responding" or individualized therapies in statistically valid clinical trials. For homeopathy, by having a group of people who identify as ill and asking a qualified homeopath to diagnose them - then having real homeopathic medication given to a subset of them, and medicines that share the same physical properties but are homeopathically inert according to homeopaths (for instance, by using ordinary water rather than homeopathically diluted water in preparing the substance). This method thus tests the standard diagnostic method as the experimental treatment, rather than the specific medications. There have not been,however, many homeopathic trials using this method.
Few people question the safety issues in choosing homeopathic medicines themselves, and the U.S. F.D.A. determines what dose is basically safe for over-the-counter sales of homeopathic medicines. However, homeopaths discourage the general public from using the homeopathic high potency medicines (the 200th potency and higher potencies) unless the person is adequately trained in homeopathy. Homeopaths warn the public that repeated doses of high potency medicines can lead the person to experience a "drug proving," a situation in which the person experiences symptoms akin to an overdose of the substance (the symptoms are generally known to resolve themselves shortly after the person stops taking the medicine).
Attempts to provide a scientific foundation for homeopathyFor more information, see: Memory of water.Homeopathy was developed at a time when many important concepts of modern chemistry and biology, such as molecules and germs, were understood poorly, if at all. In Hahnemann's day, many chemists believed that matter was infinitely divisible, so that it was meaningful to talk about dilution to any degree. Although the hypothesis of atoms can be traced back to the ancient Greeks, their size was not calculated until 1865 (by Josef Loschmidt).
We now know that, for example, a teaspoon of seawater (roughly 5 ml) contains about 160 mg of NaCl. The molecular weight of NaCl is 58.4, so by Avogadro's number, (or, in German-speaking countries, Loschmidt's number), 58.4 g of NaCl (one mole) contains 6.02×1023 molecules. We can thus calculate that our teaspoon contains about 2×1021molecules of NaCl. A 12C dilution of seawater will have about one molecule of NaCl per litre.
Thus homeopathic remedies diluted to more than about 12C are virtually certain to contain not even a single molecule of the initial substance. This is recognized by advocates of homeopathy, who assert that the essential healing power is not to be found in the chemical action of molecules, but perhaps in the arrangement of the water molecules, giving rise to the expression "the memory of water". In the homeopathic literature[80] widely differing explanations are proposed for the alleged existence of this water memory. It appears that the community of homeopaths has not yet converged on a single explanatory paradigm.
For instance, homeopaths like to point out that water is not simply a collection of molecules of H2O, but contain isotopologues, molecules with different isotopic compositions such as HDO, D2O and H218O. Mass spectroscopy can indeed detect different isotopologues, but their relative concentration is the same before and after homeopathic treatment—the concentration ratios can only be changed by nuclear reactions—so that the presence of isotopologues in water cannot explain its memory.
Also the fact that the molecules H2O appear in two proton-spin forms (ortho and para) has been suggested as a source of memory of water. These two spin forms, which appear in a ratio 3:1, are chemically non-distinguishable and are very difficult to separate or to convert into each other. It is therefore highly unlikely that a homeopathic treatment could change this ratio. Moreover, even if it is assumed that homeopathic tinctures would give somehow rise to ortho:para ratios other than 3:1, it requires much further explanation that these (chemically undetectable) ratios have different healing qualities.
Another suggestion is that double-distilled and deionized water contains trace amounts of contaminating ions. In particular, water, as a result of repeated vigorous shaking, might include dissolved atmospheric gases in the form of nanobubbles, molecular ions produced from water reacting with airborne contaminants, and silicates—tiny glass "chips". These possibilities are discussed in Ref. [81] and Ref. [82] But see for further discussion Ref. [83] in which it is concluded that: "it [observed variation in NMR relaxation rates upon ultra dilution] might merely reflect a trivial air-dependent phenomenon, or an unsuspected bias, and should not be extrapolated to the so-called memory of water, often alleged to explain the effectiveness of homeopathy." In January 2009, Luc Montagnier, the Nobel Laureate French virologist who discovered HIV, claimed that the DNA of pathogenic bacteries and viruses massively dissolved in water emit radio waves that he can detect. This, he claimed, can also be used to detect the medicine in a homeopathic remedy. The claim has been received with skepticism in the scientific community.[84].
Some homeopaths believe that there might be an effect of successive shaking on water structure leading to "clustering" of water molecules. This contradicts the dominant scientific view that motions in liquid water are on the picosecond (10−12 second) time scale and that such clusters could not live longer than a few picoseconds.
People sometimes wonder if the water used to make homeopathic medicines already has other memory imprints from its history prior to use in medicine. However, the water used by homeopathic manufacturers undergoes double-distillation, a process that homeopaths contend eliminates or substantially reduces previous memory. This raises the question: how do homeopaths know that this reduction is sufficient? If the presence of homeopathic qualities is below detection threshold, then surely the absence of such qualities is also undetectable.
In brief, for homeopathy to receive serious scientific consideration, there needs to be plausible explanations for the following:
  • how the process of manufacturing a homeopathic remedy could yield a biologically active substance or solution
  • why the principle of similars might apply in the case of homeopathic remedies
  • how a biological mechanism could have evolved to recognize the specific nature of homeopathic remedies
There also needs to be
  • clear and irrefutable evidence for the efficacy of homeopathic remedies, evidence that cannot be explained by placebo effects
These stringent demands are often summarised by the maxim "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof".[85]
Meanwhile, homeopaths, working towards an elucidation of the effectiveness of their medicines, complain that they are up against a double standard in medicine and science. They point out that there is a long history of conventional medical treatments that are applied with positive effects, although their mechanism of action is not known. Only relatively recently, for instance, has it been understood how aspirin works, but before that doctors used it regularly despite an inadequate understanding of its actual mechanism. In due time, the homeopathic community asserts, the scientific basis of their methods will be unveiled.
In 2010, an Indian team claimed to have found that commercially manufactured metal-derived high-dilution remedies contain nanoparticles of the metals and their aggregates.[86][87]
Clinical trials testing the efficacy of homeopathic remediesFor more information, see: Studies on Homeopathy
The “balance of evidence” as to whether homeopathy has any effects other than placebo effects depends on who is balancing the evidence. Homeopaths strongly value the evidence of their own experience in treating patients, supported by the satisfaction reported by their patients in surveys; they believe that this is sufficient evidence of efficacy, but also state that most published clinical trials have shown some beneficial effects. A 1991 global meta-analysis of homeopathic clinical trials published in the BMJ (British Medical Journal) of 105 trials, 81 with positive outcomes, concluded that the placebo response could not explain the positive responses,
Based on this evidence we would be ready to accept that homoeopathy can be efficacious, if only the mechanism of action were more plausible[88]
Another meta-analysis published in the Lancet in 1997 drew similar conclusions.
The results "were not compatible with the hypothesis that the effects of homoeopathy are completely due to placebo."[89]
Several meta-analyses evaluating the homeopathic treatment of specific diseases have found positive results, including the treatment of childhood diarrhoea, [90] some post-surgical conditions [91] and respiratory allergies [92].
Other meta-analyses have suggested that the effect from a homeopathic remedy was no better than a placebo [93] The Cochrane Collaboration is an organisation that publishes meta-analyses of trial results, and most of their analyses of homeopathic treatments indicate some treatment benefits but not adequate statistically significant benefit. The most supportive of their analyses is of the possible benefits of Oscillococcinum for influenza and influenza-like syndromes. [94]Cochrane Reviews did a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials, three prevention trials (number of participants, <math>N = 2265</math>) and four treatment trials, <math>(N = 1194)</math>. This was a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials, three prevention trials (number of participants, <math>N = 2265</math>) and four treatment trials, <math>(N = 1194)</math>. Overall, the authors found no evidence of any benefits in preventing influenza, but evidence of a small effect on the duration of symptoms. The outcome was sufficiently promising that further trials were recommended, but not strong enough for the remedy to be recommended for first-line therapy.
Why do most trials report positive outcomes for homeopathy, but some show no effect, and how is it that the positive evidence does not persuade most scientists and leaders of academic medicine? In the U.S.A., The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) administers public-funded research into alternative medicine [95], and some studies have reported positive outcomes, but NCCAM's acting deputy director, Jack Killen, said, in a Newsweek article, "There is, to my knowledge, no condition for which homeopathy has been proven to be an effective treatment." [96]. In the U.K., the NHS recognizes that there have been about 200 randomised controlled trials evaluating homeopathy, some show efficacy of treatment and some don't. They conclude, "Despite the available research, it has proven difficult to produce clear clinical evidence that homeopathy works".[97]
Homeopaths believe that such attitudes reflect bias against alternative medicine, and that because homeopathy does not lend itself to controlled trials, those with a negative outcome may be false negatives.
According to critics of homeopathy, the published trials of specific homeopathic remedies have been mostly small and flawed in design
“Examples of problems they noted include weaknesses in design and/or reporting, choice of measuring techniques, small numbers of participants, and difficulties in replicating results. A common theme in the reviews of homeopathy trials is that because of these problems and others, it is difficult or impossible to draw firm conclusions about whether homeopathy is effective for any single clinical condition.[98]
While many of these have indicated positive effects, generally, trials that are larger high-quality trials have tended to show little or no statistically significant effects, as was concluded by the authors of the second Lancet study cited above when they re-analyzed these trials.
“There is increasing evidence that more rigorous trials tend to yield less optimistic results than trials with less precautions against bias.”[99]
Homeopaths respond that the vast majority of the larger high-quality trials simply tested a single homeopathic medicine, without the requisite individualization of treatment common to homeopathic treatment.
But this does not explain why small trials should have more strongly positive outcomes than large trials. In fact this is a feature of trials of conventional medicine also – and it is believed that the explanation lies mainly in ‘’publication bias’’ – the tendency of trial outcomes to be published only if the outcome is clearly positive; many small trials with negative or inconclusive outcomes simply go unreported, because they are thought to be uninteresting.
In 1999, the government of Switzerland, for a trial period of 5 years, allowed health costs for treatment with homeopathy and four other CAM modalities to be reimbursed under the country’s compulsory health insurance scheme, and set up a programme to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these treatments (the Complementary Medicine Evaluation Programme (Programm Evaluation Komplementärmedizin, PEK). Under this programme, a team of scientists and practitioners, including a homeopath, conducted an innovative meta-analysis that became the single most cited study of homeopathy, arousing considerable media attention and a storm of protest from homeopaths. The study, which was also published in the Lancet (by Shang et al.) [100] adopted a novel approach; whereas traditional meta-analyses have tried to combine all studies of a given condition, this was a "global" meta-analysis of homeopathy testing the hypothesis that all reported effects of homeopathic remedies are placebo effects. If so, the authors reasoned, then the reports of positive effects reflect publication bias, and if this is the case then the magnitude of such effects should diminish with sample size and study quality, and for the largest and best studies there should be no effect.
They analyzed 110 placebo-controlled homoeopathy trials and 110 matched conventional-medicine trials. Overall, the conventional medicine trials showed some real effect of treatment, in that some effect was still present in the largest and best trials, but the trials of homeopathy remedies did not. The authors concluded that their analysis was consistent with homeopathy being no better than placebo treatment, and controversially suggested that no further research on homeopathy is necessary. The article was accompanied by an unsigned editorial titled “The end of homeopathy”[101]" and a signed editorial by Jan Vandenbroucke, professor of clinical epidemiology, at Leiden University, the Netherlands [102]. The Lancet subsequently published a selection of critical correspondence, and received an angry open letter from the Swiss Association of Homoeopathic Physicians (SVHA). [103] which declared:
“The meta-analysis may be statistically correct. But its validity and practical significance can be seen at a glance: not one single qualified homoeopath would ever treat one single patient in clinical practice as presented in any of the 110 analysed trials! The study cannot give the slightest evidence against homoeopathy because it does not measure real individual (classical) homoeopathy. It confounds real homoeopathic practice with distorted study forms violating even basic homeopathic rules.”
In the Shang et al. review, 21 of the homeopathic trials were judged of “high quality”; these studies, overall, showed a benefit of homeopathic treatment. In the final phase of analysis, the researchers included only the largest of these studies; the 8 largest homeopathic trials showed that homeopathic treatment was comparable with a placebo, while 6 similarly large conventional medical trials were not compatible with a placebo effect. Of the 8 largest and best homeopathic trials, only one used an individualized approach to treatment, the other seven used a single medicine prescribed to homeopathic treated subjects. Such non-individualized treatment is common in the larger clinical trials (one of the trials even tested a rarely used homeopathic medicine, Thyroidinum, in the treatment of weight-loss, in a previously untested treatment protocol).
Subsequent critics of the Shang et al. analysis have questioned how definitive it actually is, noting that it involved subjective judgements of study quality. Several studies defined as "high quality" by Linde et al. (1997) were not defined by high quality by Shang et al. most of which showed a positive effect of homeopathic treatment.The Shang et al. analysis also excluded a relatively large study of chronic polyarthritis (N=176) by Wiesenauer because no matching trial could be found. The authors of an article in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology [104] say "This result can be interpreted differently. Following Shang's perspective it can be explained by small study bias (which includes publication bias). In contrast, one may hypothesize that Shang's result is falsely negative." The authors noted that four of the 21 best trials selected by Shang et al. dealt with preventing or treating muscle soreness—these consistently found no benefits to homeopathy, so if it is accepted that homeopathy is not useful in this condition, the remaining 17 trials show an overall significant effect, mainly determined by two trials on influenza-like diseases. Thus they argue that it is still possible that homeopathy might be effective for some conditions and not for others.
Proponents of homeopathy also note that some of the conventional medical studies analysed by Shang et al. may have shown a treatment effect but that some of these have since been withdrawn because of side effects found subsequently. Critics of homeopathy agree—they say that in conventional medicine, treatments are abandoned when trials show them to be ineffective or unsafe, or when a better drug is found; by contrast, no homeopathic treatment has ever been withdrawn after a trial showed it to be ineffective. Homeopaths contend that flawed trials cannot be used to show that homeopathic treatment is ineffective (please read the previous paragraph for information about the positive trials).
There are many clinical trials and studies which show that homeopathy is effective[3][4].
SafetyThe highest ideal of cure is the speedy, gentle, and enduring restoration of health by the most trustworthy and least harmful way (Samuel Hahnemann)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's view of homeopathy is that there is no real concern about the safety of most homeopathic products because of the extremely small dosages. The F.D.A. has deemed that the vast majority of homeopathic medicines are over-the-counter drugs (OTC), that is, drugs that do not need a doctor's prescription and that are safe enough for home care. In the U.S.A., homeopathic remedies must have at least one indication for usage for a disease or condition that is self-limiting and that does not require medical diagnosis or medical monitoring. The European Union allows homeopathic medicinal products, [105] if they are at least 3X, that is, they may not contain either more than one part per 10,000 of the mother tincture or more than 1/100th of the smallest dose of an active substance. No specific therapeutic indication may be given on the label of the product.[106] Some physicians, however, maintain that homeopathic treatment is relatively unsafe, because it might delay other treatment/s, if it fails to work. Homeopaths respond to these concerns by noting that using homeopathic medicines can delay or reduce the use of conventional medicines that are ineffective and dangerous.
Probably every modern pharmacologist would agree with Hahnemann that the drugs prescribed by conventional physicians in the nineteenth century were at best ineffective and often dangerous. However, some homeopaths question whether even modern medical drugs are safe and effective, and recommend homeopathic remedies instead. For example, a 2006 survey by the U.K. charitable trust Sense About Science revealed that homeopaths were advising travelers against taking conventional anti-malarial drugs, instead recommending they take a homeopathic remedy.
Another concern of conventional physicians is that some homeopaths discourage the use of vaccines. Many homeopaths think that vaccination for common diseases, such as measles and chicken-pox, is unnecessary, and some believe that vaccines can even be damaging to health, because of the mercury and aluminum in them, because the bacterium or virus in the vaccine may neither be dead nor weak enough, and/or because some childhood infectious diseases may strengthen immune responsiveness.
Literature:Hahnemann, Samuel:  Organon of the Medical Art, ed. W. B. O’Reilly. Birdcage Books, Palo Alto California, 1996.


References
  1. Jump up↑ From start to here written by Jeremy Sherr.
  1. ↑ Malathy Iyer, IIT-B team shows how homeopathy works The Times of India (Dec 16, 2010)
  2. ↑ Prashant Satish Chikramane, Akkihebbal K. Suresh, Jayesh Ramesh Bellare, and Shantaram Govind Kane Extreme homeopathic dilutions retain starting materials: A nanoparticulate perspective Homeopathy 99/4, 231-242 (October 2010).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Van Wassenhoven, Michel (June, 2008), "Scientific framework of homeopathy: evidence-based homeopathy", Int J High Dilution, http://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/article/viewFile/286/354
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jhingade, Ramaanand (May, 2010), Studies of the activity of Homeopathic medicines, http://www.homeopathy.x10.mx/efficacy-studies.html
  5. ↑ Boyd, Linn (1936), The Simile in Medicine, Boericke and Tafel
  6. ↑ Template:Citation + -"like+cures+like"+anthropology&source=bl&ots=ffDShkiaCD&sig=wNySoaO7B5gqz89DgEGQU7eCCrg&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result}} http://books.google.com/books?id=Wa12Spdp_WYC&pg=PA392&lpg=PA392&dq=%22like+cures+like%22+anthropology&source=bl&ots=ffDShkiaCD&sig=wNySoaO7B5gqz89DgEGQU7eCCrg&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result}}], p. 392
  7. ↑ Scofield, Edward L.W. (June 20, 2001), "Homeopathy “Similia Similibus Curentur”", Innominate Society, http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/Homepathy%20Similia%20Similibus%20Curentur.htm
  8. ↑ See the Romanization section on the Qi article for details of Romanization of the Chinese term qi.
  9. ↑ Iris Bell I (2005) All evidence is equal, but some evidence is more equal than others: can logic prevail over emotion in the homeopathy debate? J Alt Comp Med 11:763–9.
  10. ↑ Dana Ullman (2007) The Homeopathic Revolution: Why Famous People and Cultural Heroes Choose Homeopathy. Berkeley: North Atlantic, 2007; www.HomeopathicRevolution.com
  11. ↑ Boylan, Michael (2006), "Hippocrates (c. 450 BCE to 380 BCE)", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/hippocra.htm
  12. ↑ Note: It would help to provide chapters and verses from the Hippocratic Corpus so that readers can pursue the issue and perhaps expand it, as well as evaluate it in context.
  13. ↑ "Paracelsus (German-Swiss physician)", Britannica Online Encyclopedia, Encyclopædia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/442424/Paracelsus, retrieved on 2009-03-24.
  14. ↑ Morrell P, Articles on Homeopathy, http://homeoint.org/morrell/articles/index.htm
  15. ↑ "Homeopathy Timeline", Whole Health Now: Homeopathy Information for the Professional, http://www.wholehealthnow.com/homeopathy_pro/homeopathy_1825_1849.html
  16. ↑ Hahnemann S (1796) translated into English as "Essay on a New Principle". Hahnemann's[http://www.homeopathyhome.com/reference/organon/organon.htmlOrganon der Heilkunst] in English translation
  17. ↑ Dean ME (2001) Homeopathy and the progress of science Hist Scixxxix
  18. ↑ Kaufman M (1988) "Homeopathy in America: The Rise and Fall and Persistence of a Medical Heresy", in N. Gevitz, Other Healers: Unorthodox Medicine in America.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
  19. ↑ American Institute of Homeopathy
    Winston, J (2006) "Homeopathy Timeline". The Faces of Homoeopathy. Whole Health Now.
  20. ↑ Coulter HL (1973) Divided Legacy (vol. II, pp 544-6; III, pp 267-70, 298-305). Berkeley: North Atlantic
  21. ↑ Bradford TL (1900) The logic of figures: The comparative results of homeopathic and other treatments. Philadelphia: Boericke and Tafel
  22. ↑ Boericke, William E., Homeopathic Materia Medica, http://www.homeoint.org/books/boericmm/index.htm
  23. ↑ Boericke, Oscar E., Repertory, http://www.homeoint.org/books4/boerirep/index.htm
  24. ↑ New regulations on licensing of homeopathy The Medicines for Human Use (National Rules for Homeopathic Products) Regulations 2006, Sense about Science
  25. ↑ Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia Convention of the United States, The Homœopathic Pharmacopœia of the United States (HPUS), http://www.hpus.com/whatishpus.php
  26. ↑ Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, § 211.137 Expiration dating., "Part 210 - Current good manufacturing practice in manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding of drugs; General Part 211 - Current good manufacturing practice for finished pharmaceuticals", U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), http://www.fda.gov/cder/dmpq/cgmpregs.htm
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Homeopathy: Real Medicine or Empty Promises?, Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/096_home.html
  28. ↑ Plants and fungi used in homeopathy Natural History Museum
  29. ↑ Hahnemann's "striking board" is displayed by the Hahnemann Museum at the Institute for the History of Medicine (IGM), Stuttgart
  30. ↑ Calcarea Carbonica - The Collector of Days and Fossils by Peter Morrell
  31. ↑ Emil von Behring, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
  32. ↑ Behring, Emil von (1905), Moderne phthisiogenetische und phthisoitherapeutische: Probleme in historischer Beleuchtung, Selbstverlag des Verfassers
  33. ↑ Vaccine doses are calculated from the TCID50 dose; the minimum dose required to infect 50% of tissue cultures tested in a laboratory assay. A single dose of measles vaccine will contain at least 1,000 x the TCID50 dose in 0.5 ml.Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine, Live
  34. ↑ Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA (1998) Hormesis as a biological hypothesis Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements 106, S1
  35. ↑ Bhanji NH, Chouinard G, Kolivakis T, Margolese HC (2006). "Persistent tardive rebound panic disorder, rebound anxiety and insomnia following paroxetine withdrawal: a review of rebound-withdrawal phenomena". Can J Clin Pharmacol 13 (1): e69–74. PMID 16456219, http://www.cjcp.ca/pdf/CJCP_04-032_e69.pdf.
  36. ↑ Kales A, Scharf MB, Kales JD (September 1978). "Rebound insomnia: a new clinical syndrome". Science (journal) 201 (4360): 1039–41. PMID 684426.
  37. ↑ Kirkwood CK (1999). "Management of insomnia". J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 39 (5): 688–96; quiz 713–4. PMID 10533351.
  38. ↑ Tsutsui S; Zolipidem Study, Group (2001). "A double-blind comparative study of zolpidem versus zopiclone in the treatment of chronic primary insomnia". J. Int. Med. Res. 29 (3): 163–77. PMID 11471853, http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=0300-0605&volume=29&issue=3&spage=163&aulast=Tsutsui.
  39. ↑ Hohagen F, Rink K, Käppler C, et al. (1993). "Prevalence and treatment of insomnia in general practice. A longitudinal study". Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 242 (6): 329–36. doi:10.1007/BF02190245. PMID 8323982.
  40. ↑ Reber, Arthur S.; Reber, Emily S. (2001). Dictionary of Psychology, Penguin Reference. ISBN 0-140-51451-1.
  41. ↑ Kales A, Soldatos CR, Bixler EO, Kales JD (April 1983). "Early morning insomnia with rapidly eliminated benzodiazepines". Science (journal) 220 (4592): 95–7. PMID 6131538.
  42. ↑ Lee A, Lader M (January 1988). "Tolerance and rebound during and after short-term administration of quazepam, triazolam and placebo to healthy human volunteers". Int Clin Psychopharmacol 3 (1): 31–47. doi:10.1097/00004850-198801000-00002. PMID 2895786.
  43. ↑ Kales A (1990). "Quazepam: hypnotic efficacy and side effects". Pharmacotherapy 10 (1): 1–10; discussion 10–2. PMID 1969151.
  44. ↑ Hilbert JM, Battista D (September 1991). "Quazepam and flurazepam: differential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics". J Clin Psychiatry 52 Suppl: 21–6. PMID 1680120.
  45. ↑ Adam K; Oswald I (May 1989). "Can a rapidly-eliminated hypnotic cause daytime anxiety?". Pharmacopsychiatry 22 (3): 115–9. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1014592. PMID 2748714.
  46. ↑ Garland EJ (1998). "Pharmacotherapy of adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: challenges, choices and caveats". J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxford) 12 (4): 385–95. doi:10.1177/026988119801200410. PMID 10065914.
  47. ↑ Rosenfeld AA (February 1979). "Depression and psychotic regression following prolonged methylphenidate use and withdrawal: case report". Am J Psychiatry 136 (2): 226–8. PMID 760559, http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=760559.
  48. ↑ Smucker WD, Hedayat M (September 2001). "Evaluation and treatment of ADHD". Am Fam Physician 64 (5): 817–29. PMID 11563573, http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010901/817.html.
  49. ↑ Riccio CA, Waldrop JJ, Reynolds CR, Lowe P (2001). "Effects of stimulants on the continuous performance test (CPT): implications for CPT use and interpretation". J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13 (3): 326–35. PMID 11514638, http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/13/3/326.
  50. ↑ Vitiello B (April 2008). "Understanding the risk of using medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with respect to physical growth and cardiovascular function" (PDF). Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 17 (2): 459–74, xi. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.010. PMID 18295156. PMC: 2408826, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2408826&blobtype=pdf.
  51. ↑ Maizels M (December 2004). "The patient with daily headaches". Am Fam Physician 70 (12): 2299–306. PMID 15617293.
  52. ↑ Knipschild P et al. (1990), "Belief in the efficacy of alternative medicine among general practitioners in the Netherlands", Soc Sci Med. 31
  53. ↑ Fisher P et al. (1994), "Medicine in Europe: complementary medicine in Europe", Brit Med J 309, http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/309/6947/107
  54. ↑ Popularity and the market place British Homeopathic Association)
  55. ↑ (Fall in homeopathy prescriptions hailed as sign of changed attitudes The Times July 28th 2008)
  56. ↑ (Homeopathy 'in crisis' as NHS trusts drop services The Independent January 30, 2008)
  57. ↑ Morrell P (2000) British Homeopathy during two centuries
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine: A worldwide review" (PDF). World Health Organization. World Health Organization (2001). Retrieved on 2007-09-12.
  59. ↑ Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  60. ↑ The Medical Council of India
  61. ↑ Economic reality of homeopathy 2003 figures Homeopathy Today
  62. ↑ Bell IR et al. (2003). "Homeopathic practitioner views of changes in patients undergoing constitutional treatment for chronic disease". J Alt Complement Med 9: 39–50. doi:10.1089/10762800360520785. PMID 12676034.
  63. ↑ Dennis Chernin (2006) The Complete Homeopathic Resource for Common Illnesses. Berkeley: North Atlantic. Stephen Cummings and Dana Ullman (2004). Everybody's Guide to Homeopathic Medicines. New York: Jeremy Tarcher/Putnam.
  64. ↑ British Homeopathic Association
  65. ↑ American Institute of Homeopathy Standards of Practice
  66. ↑ Cancer Research UK
  67. ↑ Amish Hospital and Research Center
  68. ↑ Homeopathy for everyone
  69. ↑ Kent's influence on British Homeopathy by Peter Morrell
  70. ↑ The travelling homeopath Travel advice from The Faculty of Homeopathy and the British Homeopathic Association
  71. ↑ Nosodes2008 Conference in Cuba on homeoprophylaxis.
  72. ↑ House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology Sixth Report. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Chapter 3: Patient satisfaction, the role of the therapist and the placebo response.
  73. ↑ Kerr CE et al.(2007) William Cullen and a missing mind-body link in the early history of placebos.In: The James Lind Library (www.jameslindlibrary.org).
  74. ↑ AMA: Ethics Council's Stance on Placebo Therapy Stirs Unease MedPage Today 16th June 2006
  75. ↑ Ma’ayan A et al. (2007), "Network Analysis of FDA Approved Drugs and their Targets", Mt Sinai J Med 74, doi:10.1002/msj.20002.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs (June 1997), alternative theories including homeopathy, Report 12, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/13638.html
  77. ↑ Harris Coulter, Divided Legacy: The Conflict Between Homoeopathy and the American Medical Association. Berkeley: North Atlantic, 1975.
  78. ↑ Flavia Munn, Medics vote to ban homeopathy from NHS (June 29, 2010)
  79. ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7910948/Homeopathy-will-not-be-banned-by-NHS-despite-critical-report.html
  80. ↑ The special issue of the journal "Homeopathy", vol. 96, issue 3, pp. 141–230 (2007), [Editor Martin Chaplin], is dedicated to the problem, see the URL The Memory of Water. Copies of the articles in this special issue along with discussion are available at Homeopathy Journal Club Bad Science, a blog by Ben Goldacre.
  81. ↑ D.J. Anick, J.A. Ives, The silica hypothesis for homeopathy: physical chemistry, Homeopathy, vol. 96, pp. 189-95 (2007). doi
  82. ↑ J.L. Demangeat, P. Gries, B. Poitevin, J.J. Droesbeke, T. Zahaf, F. Maton, C. Piérart and R.N. Muller, Low-Field NMR water proton longitudinal relaxation in ultrahighly diluted aqueous solutions of silica-lactose prepared in glass material for pharmaceutical use, Applied magnetic resonance, vol. 26, pp. 465-71 (2004)
  83. ↑ J-L Demangeat, NMR water proton relaxation in unheated and heated ultrahigh aqueous dilutions of histamine: Evidence for an air-dependent supramolecular organization of water, Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 144, pp. 32-39 (2009). doi
  84. ↑ Montagnier sources: - *Template:Citation - http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/health-science/nobel-laureate-gives-homeopathy-a-boost/story-e6frg8y6-1225887772305}}] - *Template:Citation -
  85. ↑ Coined by Marcello Truzzi and popularized in slightly different form by Carl Sagan.
  86. ↑ Malathy Iyer, IIT-B team shows how homeopathy works The Times of India (Dec 16, 2010)
  87. ↑ Prashant Satish Chikramane, Akkihebbal K. Suresh, Jayesh Ramesh Bellare, and Shantaram Govind Kane Extreme homeopathic dilutions retain starting materials: A nanoparticulate perspective Homeopathy 99/4, 231-242 (October 2010).
  88. ↑ Kleijnen J et al. (1991). Clinical trials of homeopathy BMJ 302:316–23.
  89. ↑ Linde K et al. (1997). Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials? Lancet 350: 834–43. PMID 9310601.
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  105. ↑ ....provided they are prepared according to the European Pharmacopoeia or the pharmacopoeias currently used officially in the Member States
  106. ↑ Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to medicinal products for human use.
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Scientific Prove

Scientific Research in Homeopathy: Advances and Challenges

Triple Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial, Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis, Evidence-base, Body of Evidence
Malik Nancy, Dr. Nancy Malik. Scientific Research in Homeopathy: Advances and Challenges: Triple Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial, Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis, Evidence-base, Body of Evidence [Internet]. Version 25. Science-based Homeopathy. 2016 Oct 5. Available from: https://drnancymalik.wordpress.com/article/scientific-research-in-homeopathy/.

Authors AbstractUpto the end of year 2010, there have been 299 studies published in 114 medical journals (92 integrative, 9 homeopathy and 13 CAM journals) including 11 meta-analysis, 8 systematic reviews including 1 cochrane review (out of approximately 20 systematic reviews published) and 81 RCT (68 DBRPCT + 2 SBRPCT + 6 DBRCT + 1 RPCT + 4 RCT) out of approx 225 RCT published) in evidence of homoeopathy to produce significant to substantial health benefits in a wide array of health conditions.

Find the links to all publications on : https://drnancymalik.wordpress.com/article/scientific-research-in-homeopathy/

URL Links to 279 studies (Journal-wise) including 171 FULL TEXT papers are available as compendium on this webpage in Section-A from B to F. Among those 171, 155 are available as PDF which can be viewed at or downloaded from Google Drive, and 57 are also available at Scribd

The compendium is prepared by mining 14 online electronic databases: PubMed Central (National Library of medicine, USA), MedWorm, British library Direct (type homeopathy in search box), Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (type homeopathy in search box), Scirus, Google Scholar,HomBRex,The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial,Embase,Science Citation Index,Lilacs and CAM QUESTand Clinical Outcome Research in Homeopathy (http://www.carstens-stiftung.de/core-hom/login.php)
Exclusion Criterion (Which studies are not included)

1. Studies on Plants and Animals
2. Statistically non-significant studies (Probability value<0.05, odds ratio >1 indicates statistical significance)
3. Non-peer reviewed studies from year 1893 onwards
4. Studies published in non-journal paper
5. Studies in which combination of homeopathic medicine with any other medicine is prescribed
6. Studies in which medicine is perceived to be homeopathic but is not such as radionically prepared or different potencies of same medicine mixed together
CONTENTS: Section-A
A. Understanding Evidence
B. Basic Fundamental Research [47 studies]
C. Super-Avogadro Dilution Research [18 studies]
D. Research Models (1983-2010) [22 studies]
E. Drug Development
E1. Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials/Drug Provings (1988-2010) [9 studies]
E2. Drug Standardisation [3 studies]
F. Clinical Research
F1. Meta Analysis (1991-2010) [11 studies] and Systematic Reviews (2000-2010) [8 studies] of RCTs
F2. Triple-Blind Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial [1 study]
F3. Double-blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial (1980-2010) [68 studies]
F4. Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial (other-than-placebo [active non-homeopathic intervention)controlled] (1998-2009) [6 studies]
F5.Single-blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial [2 study]
F6.Randomised Placebo- Controlled Trial (RPCT) [1 study]
F7. Randomised Controlled Trial (1983-2009) [4 studies]
F8. Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Trial (1996-2008) [4 studies]
F9. Double-Blind Studies (1943-2010) [3 studies]
F10. Primary Health Care Studies (Observational/Cohort/Pilot Studies) [97 studies]
F11. Review Articles (other thsn systematic reviews) (2005-2010) [12 studies]
G. Table: Distribution of Studies
H. List of 114 Journals
I. Lives saved by Homeopathy in Epidemics and Pandemics
J1. Animal Studies (Veterinary Homeopathy)
J2. Plant Studies
K1. Significant Years of Research
K2. Books on research in Homeopathy
L1. Potency Selection
L2. Discussion Forums
Section-B
A. Genetic Research
B1. Identification of homeopathic medicines (to distinguish one homeopathic medicine from the other) [4 techniques]
B2. To distinguish homeopathic medicine from the solvent/control [5 techniques]
C. Applied Research in specific medical condition
D: Comparison with Con-Med and Placebo
D1. Homeopathy superior to ConMed [17 studies]
D2. Homeopathy cost-effective than ConMed [3 studies]
D3. Homeopathy equals Con-Med [10 studies]
D4. Homeopathy superior to placebo [88 studies]
E: Outcome Studies
E1. Homeopathy improving quality of life [7 studies]
E2. Safety Profile of Homeopathic Medicines
E3.Homeopathy cost-effective than ConMed [3 studies]
F. in-vitro evidence of homeopathy [28 studies]
G. Research Papers on Combination Remedies [52 studies]
SECTION-A
B. BASIC FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
1.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Thermodynamics of extremely diluted aqueous solutions (1999) FULL TEXT // Successive dilutions and sucussions may alter permanently the physical-chemical properties of the solvent water
2.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
New Physico-Chemical Properties of Extremely-Diluted Aqueous Solutions (2004) FULL TEXT // The procedure of dilutions and succussions is capable of modifying in a permanent way the physico-chemical features of water.
3. Journal of Solution Chemistry
New Physico-Chemical Properties of Extremely Dilute Solutions. A Conductivity Study at 25 °C (2008) FULL TEXT // electrical conductivity increases as potency increases. Sucussion may form dissipative structures https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0b69JqzK_44aWJqSFlmVnhQNHI4WlBseW50YkhRU3J3X3Iw/edit
4.IETE Journal of Research
Software for measuring physiological variability (2008) FULL TEXT
5. Perspective in Public Health
Is Homeopathy Possible? (2006) FULL TEXT
6. Materials Research Innovations
The structure of liquid water (2005) FULL TEXT
7. Human and Experimental Toxicology
Postconditioning hormesis and the homeopathic Similia principle: Molecular aspects (2010) //scientific evidence of ‘principle of similars’
8. Water Journal
Domains of Water Molecules Provide Mechanisms of Potentization (2010) FULL TEXT
9.Homeopathy
Double-blind Placebo-controlled homeopathic patho-genetic trials (2006) FULL TEXT
Proving and therapeutic experiments in the HomBRex basic homeopathy research database (2007)
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on Kalium bichromicum (2008) FULL TEXT // 3c differs from 4c
Placebo effect size in placebo-controlled clinical trials of individualised homeopathy are same as that of conventional trials (2010) FULL TEXT
Nux vomica and Calendula have significant effect on gene expression (2010) FULL TEXT
Solitons (2005) FULL TEXT //duration of memory is 10 minutes
Dissipative structures in extremely dilute aqueous solutions (2007) FULL TEXT
Can low-temperature thermoluminescence cast light on the nature of ultra-high dilutions? (2007) FULL TEXT //Low temperature thermo-luminesence involves freezing water to the temperature of liquid nitrogen, bombarding it with x- or γ rays, then warming it, whereupon it emits a characteristic glow.
Effect of dielectric dispersion on potentised homeopathic medicines (2010) //homeopathic medicines when subjected to variable frequency electric field shows dielectric dispersion
Complexity science and homeopathy: a synthetic overview (2003) FULL TEXT
The defining role of structure including epitaxy in the plausability of homeopathy (2007) FULL TEXT
Distinguishing Natrum Mur 30 from water by High voltage plasma (2008)// electrical impedance of Natrum Mur 30c differ from water
Delayed luminescence of high homeopathic potencies on sugar globuli (2008) FULL TEXT
Medicines beyond 12C retains nano-grams of fine nano-particles of original starting material (2010) FULL TEXT
Rhus Tox 6c, 30c, 200c, 1M stimulates phagocytosis, candidacidal activity and chemotaxis of poly-morpho-nuclear cells (2009) // in vitro
10.Evidence-based Complimentary & Alternative Medicine
Dynamized Preparations in Cell Culture (2009) FULL TEXT //Carcinosinum 200C,Conium,Lycopodiumactivates beneficial gene p53 which provides defense against tumour/cancer
11. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Variation in Fourier transform infrared spectra of homeopathic potencies (2005) FULL TEXT // FTIR spectra of Nux Vomica 30c, Lycopodium 30c, Santonin 30c, Cina 30c distinguishes from solvent, sugar globule soaked in homeopathic medicine retains its specific spectral absorption properties
Cadmium 15c-20c exhibit a biologic effect on cell cultures of normal primary lymphocytes (2006) // in vitro
12. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
The similia principle as a therapeutic strategy: a research programme on stimulation of self-defense (1997) FULL TEXT //scientific evidence of ‘principle of similars’
13. Clinical and Developmental Immunology
Traummel S activates immunocytes (2004) FULL TEXT
14. Subtle Energies and Energy Medicine
Homeopathic Potencies Identified By A New Magnetic Resonance Method (2006)// two methods: modified photomultiplier method, tesla coil method
15. Journal of Molecular Liquids
High dilutions of histamine distinguishable using NMR (2009)
16.Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences
Nanostructures in highly diluted biological samples of bacteria and virus DNA sequence produces electro-magnetic signals (2009) FULL TEXT
17. Physica A
Low temperature Thermo-luminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride 15c & Natrum Mur 15cusing heavy water (2003) FULL TEXT // distinguishing one homeopathic medicine from another,the emitted light wasspecific of the original salts dissolved initially
18. Complementary Therapies in Medicine
“Potentized homeopathic drugs act through regulation of gene expression (1997) // homeopathic substances have the capacity to interact with the genetic blueprint and deliver their benefits by increasing the expression of genes that synthesise health promoting proteins i.e. homeopathic medicines activate genes. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229997800908
19. L’ Homéopathie française
The action of Belladonna and Ferrum phosphoricum on the chemiluminescence of polynuclear neutrophils (1983) // Belladonna and Ferrum phosphoricum in 5c potency significantly inhibits the release of oxygenated free radicals involved in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory phenomena.
20. British Homoeopathic Journal
Belladonna, Hepar sulphur, Pyrogenium, Silicea and Staphylococcin in Mother Tincture modifies the white blood cell movement (1982) // in vitro
Managanum phosphoricum 6x, Acidum malicum 4x and Acidum fumaricum 4x regulate the oxidative metabolism and adhesion function of human neutrophils (1993) // in vitro
21.Arzneimittelforschung
Homeopathic medicines in 1X to 30X potencies enhanced the phagocytic activity of granulocytes (1986) // in vitro & in vivo
22.Phytotherapy Research
Combination of Aconitum and lachesis in 1X potency enhanced the phagocytic activity of granulocytes upto 390% (1994) // combination remedy
23.Histology and Histopathology
Scanning electron microscopy to investigate the structure of platelets of HIV patients treated with Canova (2009) // combination remedy
24.Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
Effect of homeopathic plant extract solutions on the cell proliferation of human cutaneous fibroblasts (2003) // in vitro
25.Inflammation research
Zeel comp. N as well as its individual ingredients (Arnica montana, Sanguinaria canadensis and Rhus toxicodendron) inhibits the production of Leukotriene B4; Solanum dulcamara Q inhibits the production of Prostaglandin E2 (2004) FULL TEXT // anti-inflammatory, combination remedy, in vitro https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0b69JqzK_44YWRseHVvNnYyNXlqOUxmYUh1UXBMNHJsLW04/edit
26. Integrative Cancer Therapies
Effect of Sabal serrulata on prostate cancer growth (2006) // in vitro
27. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
Hepeel prevented cadmium chloride-induced cell death in liver cells (2009) // China Q and Nux moschata Q protected against loss of glutathione and lipid peroxidation. Carduus marianus Q demonstrated anti-apoptotic effects. in vitro, combination as well as single
Hahnemann’s Contribution
28. Zeitschrift für Praktischen Medizin
An essay on a new principle for ascertaining the curative powers of drugs & some examinations of the previous principle,volume 2, parts 3 & 4, pages 391-439 & 465-561, Germany, 1796 // He came up withPrincipleof similars:Like cures like
29. Allgemeiner Reichsanzeiger
Spirit of the Homoeopathic Doctrine of medicine , vol. 2, Mar. 1813 // He said Man is a “biological whole”. No single part by itself represents the human being nor can manifest itself independently [from the others] [20].
30.The British Journal of Homoeopathy

Appeal to Thinking Philanthropists Respecting the Mode of Propagation of the Asiatic Cholera, 20 pages, 1831, republished in The British Journal of Homoeopathy , Oct 1849, Translated by R E Dudgeon, M.D. inThe Lesser Writings of Samuel Hahnemann, 1851 edition, B Jain Publishers, reproduced edition, 2002, p. 758
C. SUPER-AVOGADRO DILUTION RESEARCH
(Dilutions beyond Avogadro number/High Dilutions)

1.Complementary Therapies in Medicine
The in vitro evidence for an effect of high homeopathic potencies—A systematic review (2007) FULL TEXT // 73% of 67 in-vitro experiments published in 75 publications showed specific effects with high dilutions including 68% of high quality experiments (SAPEH score>=6)
Homeopathy, sensation of well-being and CD4-levels (1998) // homeopathy improves sensation of well-being, provided evidence of ultra-high dilutions and may affect CD4 levels
2. Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences
Nanostructures in highly diluted biological samples of bacteria and virus DNA sequence produces electro-magnetic signals (2009) FULL TEXT
3.Material Letters
Ultra dilute solutions have remarkable biological properties (2008) FULL TEXT //ultra-dilutions, like homeopathic remedies, do indeed contain stable and unique molecular structures with recognizable properties
4. Physica A
Low temperature Thermo-luminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride 15c & Natrum Mur 15cusing heavy water (2003) FULL TEXT // distinguishing one homeopathic medicine from another,the emitted light wasspecific of the original salts dissolved initially
5.Nonlinear Biomedical Physics
Influence of diluted mediators on fungal laccase activity (2009) FULL TEXT // bi-phase action, in vitro & in vivo
6. Journal of Molecular Liquids
High dilutions of histamine distinguishable using NMR (2009) FULL TEXT
7. Homeopathy
Medicines beyond 12C retains nano-grams of fine nano-particles of original starting material (2010) FULL TEXT
Delayed luminescence of high homeopathic potencies on sugar globuli (2008) FULL TEXT
Distinguishing Natrum Mur 30 from water by High voltage plasma (2008)// electrical impedance of Natrum Mur 30c differ from water
Individualised Homeopathy for treatment of symptoms of oestrogen withdrawal in breast cancer patients (2003) // n=45, Primary symptoms such as hot flushes,Primary symptoms changed from 7.8 to 5.4, and from 7.2 to 4.1 (p<0.001)
8. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Gas Discharge Visualization Evaluation of Ultramolecular Doses of Homeopathic Medicines (2003) // distinguishing homeopathic medicine from solvent using Bio-Electro-graphy: Dynamic Electrophotonic Capture
9. Subtle Energies and Energy Medicine
Homeopathic Potencies Identified By A New Magnetic Resonance Method (2006) //two methods: modified photomultiplier method, tesla coil method
10. Medical Hypothesis
Biomathematical modeling for diluted drugs (2003) FULL TEXT http://www.neohahnemannism.com/Neohahnemannism_files_files/Biomathematical%20model.pdf
11.Journal of Head Trauma and Rehabilitation
Homeopathic treatment of mild traumatic brain injury(1999) // n=60, t=4 months, individualised (1 of 18 ) medicine (super-avogadro), Patients rated improvement of symptoms severity score as 0.40±0.57 in homeop. patients and 0.13±0.39 in placebo patients, a significant improvement in functional assessment in favour of homeopathy, OR=1.98 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10671699
Hahemann’s Contribution
12.Zeitschrift für Praktischen Medizin
Cure and prevention of scarlet fever, 1801 // His discovery of the prophylactic properties of Belladonna in scarlet fever. His dose: 1/24,000,000 i.e. 0.0416 nanograms of Belladonna, to repeat the dose every 72 hrs. This is the first recorded nano dose of medicine used in treatment of any disease. Thus Hahnemann can be attributed as The Father of Nano Medicine
On the Power of Small Doses of Medicine in General and of Belladonna in Particular “, Vol. 13, part 2, p. 153-159, Jan. 1801.
discussions:
http://lkm.fri.uni-lj.si/xaigor/slo/znanclanki/instrumental.htm (1999) FULL TEXT // kali Iodide
http://www.high-dilutions.net/VersionAn
http://www.homeorizon.com/homeopathic-articles/homeopathic-researches/homeopathic-dilution-and-potency
nano-phase potencies
E1. HOMEOPATHIC PATHOGENETIC TRIALS/DRUG PROVINGS
1.Homeopathy
Double-blind Placebo-controlled homeopathic patho-genetic trials (2006) FULL TEXT
Chelidonium majus 6c produced changes in blood globulin in healthy provers (1989)
Reproving of Cantharis 30c: blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial (2004) n=11
Reproving of Plumbum metallicum 30c: DBRPCT (2005)
2.Forschende Komplementarmedizin
Homeopathic patho-genetic trials produce specific symptoms different from placebo (2009) FULL TEXT // homeopathy differs from placebo
3. Trials
Protocol for a phase 1 homeopathic drug proving trial (2010) FULL TEXT
4. Journal of Psychopharmacology
Homeopathic pathogenetic trials produce more specific than non-specific symptoms (2008) //double-blind placebo-controlled study, homeopathic ozone
5. British Homoeopathic Journal
Iodum 12x produced changes in blood electrolyte and thyroid harmone in healthy provers (1988)
Effect of Strophantus Hispidus 30c on heart rate variability (1999) // n=10, single-blind
E2. DRUG STANDARDISATION
1. Ancient Science of Life
Pharmacognostic studies of Thuja (1999) FULL TEXT
Physico-chemical profile of Bixa and Lawsonia (2001) FULL TEXT
2. Homeopathy
Ethanol concentrationin the preparation of mother tinctures of vegetable origin (2002)
F2. TRIPLE-BLIND RANDOMISED PLACEBO CONTROLLED TRIAL
1.Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Efficacy of individualised homeopathic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (2004) FULL TEXT //n=93, t=6 months, homeopathy significantly improved function and fatigue compared to placebo, p=0.04 Weak but equivocal evidence that the effects of homeopathic medicine are superior to placebo, OR=1,47, Jadad score=5 https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0b69JqzK_44MzR1Y1ZXQlgyRXJpeEQ3OHJsYk1XWl8xdjEw/edit
F3.DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMISED PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
1. Lancet
Grass Pollens in 30c potency vs placebo for hay fever (1986)// n=144, Symptoms severity (VAS) decreased 17.2±28.8 mm in homeop. patients and -2.6±33.6 mm in placebo patients, p=0.018 in favour of homeopathy, Linde Quality=5
Is evidence for homoeopathy reproducible? (1994) //potentised allergans in 30c potency on 28 allergic asthma patients does more than placebo, Symptoms severity (VAS) decreased 7.2±3.2 mm in homeop. patients and -7.8±3.0 mm in placebo patients, severity of symptoms (p=0.003), vital capacity (p=0.03), Jadad score=4, Linde Quality=5
2. International Journal of Oncology
Ruta 6 induces cell deaths in brain cancer cells: A novel treatment for human brain cancer (2003) FULL TEXT // ruta 6c in combination with calarea phos 3x, in vitro and in vivo
Cytotoxic effects of ultra-diluted remedies on breast cancer cells (2010) FULL TEXT // in-vitro study: Carcinosin 30c, Phytolacca Decandra 200c, Conium 3c and Thuja 30c caused death of 5000 MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231breast cancer cell lines in the laboratory for periods of between 1 to 4 days (experiment repeated 3 times), similar to the effect of chemotherapy, but without affecting normal cells.Carcinosin and Phytolacca—achieved up to an 80% response indicating that they caused cancer cell death. By comparison, placebo solvent achieved only 30%. The effects of Carcinosin and Phytolacca were as powerful as Paclitaxel (Taxol)
3.Rheumatology
Improved Clinical Status in Fibromyalgia patients treated with homeopathic remedies Vs Placebo (2004) FULL TEXT // n=53, t=3months, individualised41 remedies in LM potency, significant fewer tender points compared to placebo, 25% improvement in tender point pain on palpation (p=0.008), improvement in Fibromyalgia score (P<0.05) and Global health rating (p<0.05), improvement in McGill Affective pain score compared to placebo (p<0.01), significant improvement in quality of life and depression, Jadad score=5, SIGN=GOOD
4.Chest
Kali bichromicum 30C for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in critically ill patients in ICU (2005) FULL TEXT // n=50,5 globules of homeopathic medicine or placebo twice daily, significantly less tracheal secretions at day 2 (p<0.0001 in favour of homeopathy) and significantly less stay in ICU (p<0.0001 in favour of homeopathy)
5. British Medical Journal
Rhus Tox 6c thrice daily vs placebo for fibrostis (1989) FULL TEXT // fibromyalgia (earlier known as fibrositis) (Pain & Inflammation in muscles,n=30, non-individualised study, RT given thrice daily, significant fewer tender points compared to placebo (p<0.005), improvement in pain and sleep compared to placebo (p=0.0052), Therapeutic success was observed in 11/30 homeopathy patients and 4/30 in placebo group, this study got replicated in above rheumatology journal (2004), Jadad score=4, Linde Quality=3
Potentised Allergan 30c Vs Placebo in allergic rhinitis (2000) FULL TEXT // n=51,inhalant Allergan 30c, Mean nasal inspriatory peak airflow improved by 21 % in homoepathic patients and 2 % in placebo patients, Jadad score=5, “It may be time to confront the conclusion that homeopathy and placebo differ..”
6. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Oscillococcinum 200c in the treatment of influenza (1989) FULL TEXT //(n=487, 237 treated and 241 on placebo), if taken twice daily for 5 days significantly increased the rate of cure within two days, absence of symptoms at 48 hours, relative risk estimate significantly favour homeopathy (p=0.048), no pain and no fever (p=0.048), recovery rate (headache, stiffness, articular pain, shivering reduction) at 48 hours better in homeopathy group (p=0.032)
Homeopathic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (1980) FULL TEXT //n=43, t= 3months, significant relief in 19/23 (82%) homeopathy patients and 5/23 (21%) placebo patients, individualized medicine, Linde OR=10.85
7.Phlebology
“Complementary Treatment of Varicose Veins: A Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial” Edzard Ernst, T. Saradeth, K.L. Resch, 1990, 157-163.
Three doses of a poikien (combination remedy of eight homeopathic medicines)were given to 61 patients daily for 24 days. Measures were venous filling time, leg volume, and subjective symptoms. The study found that venous filling time improved in those given the homeopathic medicines by 44%, while it deteriorated in the placebo group by 18%. Other measures also had significant differences.Linde OR=2.6 in favour of homeopathy, Linde Quality=1
8. British Journal of Podiatry
Ruta Graveolens 30C for the treatment of pain in plantar fasciitis (foot) (2000) // n=14
9.European Journal of Paedretics
Lycopodium, Calcarea Carbonica, Sulphur, Belladonna, Causticum and Phosphorous forAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2005) FULL TEXT // individualised medicine (LM potency), crossover study, 63 of 83 children (6-16 years) responded to homeopathy, those 63 were then randomised to receive either homeopathic medicine or placebo for 6 weeks, homeopathy found significantly superior to placeboin behavioural and cognitive functions in 10 days, p<0.0001, CGI Index improved by 63% in the long-term follow-up in 53/63 patients, SIGN=good, Jadad score=5
10. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery
Effect of Homeopathic Arnica montana on Bruising in Face-lifts (2006) FULL TEXT// n=129, Arnica every 8 hours for 4 days post-operation, significant difference in favour of homeopathy on day 1 (p<0.005) and day 7 (p<0.001), sign level=1-
11. BMC Cancer
TRAUMEEL S in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in cancer patients (2001) FULL TEXT // n=15, age=3-25 years,symptom severity as 10.4 in homeop. patients and 24.3 in placebo patients, p<0.01
12.Applied Health Economics & Health Policy
Sinfrontal (Cinnabaris 4X, Ferrum Phos 3X, etc) in the treatment of maxillary sinus (sinus + tooth pain) (2009) // ENT and respiratory tract infections
13.Pediatrics
Treatment of acute childhood diarrhea with individualised homeopathic medicine (1994) FULL TEXT // n=81,18 different remedies in 30C potency, one dose after every unformed stool for 5 days: Podophyllum, Chamomilla, Arsenicum album, Calcarea carbonica, sulphur, Mercurius vivus, Pulsatilla, Phosphorus, China, Gambogia, Aethusia, aloe, belladonna, Bryonia, Colchicum, Croton tiglium, Dulcamara, Nux vomica, significant effect for duration of diarrhea (p=0.048) and number of daily unformed stools (p<0.05) compared to placebo , Time to normal stools was 3.0±1.9 d in homeop. patients and 3.8±1.7 d in placebo patients, Jadad score=5, Linde Quality=5
14. Journal of Dermatological Treatment
Homoeopathic treatment of leg ulcers (1997) //n=53, t=4.2 weeks, Sulphur 6, Silicea 6 and Carbo Veg 6, Ulcer size improved 58.7±44.5 % in homeop. patients, 10.3±42.7 % in placebo patients and -4.6±89.1 % in untreated patients
15. The Science of the total Environment
Arsenicum Album 30C for arsenic toxicity: Evidence-based findings (2007) FULL TEXT //n=43, 18 untreated, 22 on homeopathy an 17 on placebo
16. Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Treatment of allergic rhinitis with potentised allergan in 30c potency and placebo(2005) // n=34, t=4 weeks, Jadad score=5
17. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Sinfrontal vs placebo for Acute Maxillary Sinusitis (Sinus + tooth pain) (2007) //n=113, combination remedy
18.European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Homeopathic gel for redness/rash & lump on the skin due to mosquito bite (1995) //68 people were bitten at least 3 times by mosquitoes. One of the bites was treated with an after-bite gel containing homoeopathic ingredients, another of the bites was treated with a placebo gel, and the third bite remained untreated. The active gel provided results that were significantly superior to the placebo or no treatment.
19. Hals, Nasen und Ohrenärzte
Homeopathy in acute rhino-sinusitis (2007) FULL TEXT // n=144, t=21 days, homeopathic treatment resulted in freedom from complaints in 90.3% of the patients & improvement in a further 8.3%, whereas in placebo group, the complaints remained unchanged or became worse in 88.9% of the patients, p>0.0001, combination remedy sinfrontal
20. Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction
Treatment of pain in post-partum women who elected not to breastfed with Apis 9c and Bryonia 9c(2001)// n=71, 5 pills twice daily for 10 days
21.Der Kassenarzt
Tonsilotrena for tonsillitis (2006)
22. Arzneimittel-Forschung
“Homoeopathische kombination bel vertigo and nausea”, C.F. Claussen, J. Bergmann. G. Bertora .and E. Claussen, 34 (1984):1791-98. // vertigoheel, combination remedy

23.Zeitschrift für Allgemein Medizin
Bronchiselect for treatment of bronchitis(1997) // n=258, combination remedy
24.Allergologie
Treatment of pollinosis with the homeopathic preparation Galphimia Glauca2c and placebo (1990)// n=243, average t=33 days, odds ratio=2.19 in favour of homeopathy
25.Aktuelle Rheumatologie
‘Rheumaselect’ vs placebo for chronic Rheumatoid poly Arthritis (1991) // combination remedy, n=111, Jadad score=3
26.Journal of Head Trauma and Rehabilitation
Homeopathic treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (1999) // n=60, t=4 months, individualised(1 of 18 ) medicine (super-avogadro), Patients rated improvement of symptoms severity score as 0.40±0.57 in homeop. patients and 0.13±0.39 in placebo patients, a significant improvement in functional assessment in favour of homeopathy
27.American Journal of Therapeutics
Treatment of Psoriasis with Reliéva (2006) // n=200, combination remedy
28.Sleep and Breathing
Combination remedy in management of snoring (1999) FULL TEXT // snore stop, n=90,Rated improvement in homeopathy group was significantly better (35/44) compared to placebo group (21/46) https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0b69JqzK_44bmk3MFg5MXZ3MFpoRldfU1J0bjJfcDI4Y1kw/edit
HOMEOPATHY JOURNALS:
1.Homeopathy
The research evidence base for homeopathy (2003) FULLTEXT // 50 of the 93 studies favours homeopathy in 8 medical conditions: diarrhoea, fibrositis, hayfever, influenza, pain, side-effects of radio- or chemotherapy, sprains and upper respiratory tract infection
Effects of homeopathic treatment on itching of skin (pruritis) in haemo-dialysis patient (2003) // n=20 on dialysis for 6 months, main outcome: >50% reduction in pruritis score, Pruritis score was 38 (+/-33) in hom. treated patients and 57 (+/-39) in placebo group, after 60 days, itching reduced by 49% in 30 days, individualised medicine, OR=3.5,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14587682
Homeopathic treatment in ICU patients with severe sepsis (2005) FULL TEXT //67 patients given 200c potency of individualised medicine every 12 hours for 180 days, patient survival significantly higher with homeopathy compared to placebo(75.8% vs 50%, p=0.043, OR=3.13
Homeopathic & antibiotic treatment strategies in recurrent acute rhinopharyngitis (2005) // Inflammation of the mucous membranes of nose & throat.In 499 patients homeopathy yielded significantly better results than antibiotics in terms of effectiveness, number of complications and quality of life
Arnica montana 30C for post-tonsillectomy analgesia (2007) FULL TEXT // pain after tonsils removal,n=111, Arnica group had a significantly larger drop in pain score from day 1 to day 14 (28.3) compared to the placebo group (23.8)
Osteo-arthritis before and after homeopathic treatment (2008) FULL TEXT
Chronic Insomnia: Efficiacy of homeopathic simillimum (2010) FULL TEXT //n=30, t=4 weeks, individualised medicine, total number of hours of sleep per week, p<0.05; Severity of Insomnia Index, p<0.0001
Effect of Arnica 30X on muscle soreness in marathon runners (2003)// muscle soreness immediately after a marathon run was lower in the Arnica treated group than in those treated with placebo (p=0.04)
Reproving of Plumbum metallicum 30c: DBRPCT(2005)
2. British Homoeopathic Journal
Efficacy of China rubra 9C for complications in patients on chronic kidney dialysis (1992) // n=35, Statistically significant improvements of weakness, lethargy and headache, Linde Quality=3
Immunoglobin Relationship in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver Before and After treatment with Zincum metallicum 5C (1994) // 10 people suffering from Zinc deficiency as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry showed a substantial improvement in zinc levels
Oscillococcinum in patients with influenza (1998) // n=372, 3 doses per day for 3 days, no spinal pain at 48 hours (p=0.03), no muscle pain at 48 hours (p=0.01), no articulate pain at 48 hours (p=0.009), Significant effect of homeopathy over placebo in duration of influenza (p=0.0257)
Individualised Homeopathy for diseases of the lymph nodes in HIV Stage 2 & 3 infected people (1999) FULL TEXT // n=100, age=18-50 years, p=0.04, Phosphorus, Lycopodium, Pulsatilla, Nux vomica was beneficial (significant difference in CD4 cell count whereas no change in placebo group )for symptomatic HIV sufferers, immunity raised
Belladonna 7C and X-Ray 15C for treatment of radio-therapy induced dermatitis and skin darkening in breast cancer (2000)// n=66, t=10 weeks, Belladonna 3 granules twice daily and X-ray three granules once daily, significant reduction in total severity of skin reaction in the homeopathy group during recovery (p=0.05) compared to placebo, less hyperpigmentation in homeopathy group (p=0.05), significant decrease in skin heat in homeopathy group compared to placebo (p=0.011) Jadad score=4
Individualised Homeopathic treatment of migraine (2000)n=68, Neurologist assessment showed a 60% decrease in attack frequency of treatment group compared to 42% of the placebo, p=0.04, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10703903
Potent placebo or potency?A model using homeopathically prepared pollens 30c in hayfever (1985) // n=39, Jadad score=3
3.Asian Journal of Homeopathy
To investigate the effectiveness of homeopathy in medical primary care in upper and lower respiratory tract complaints, 01 Feb 2008, pp. 3-19
4.American Journal of Homoeopathic Medicine
Homeopathic treatment of dental neuralgia by Arnica and Hypericum., Albertini H, Goldberg W, Sanguy B, Toulza CL., 1985, 3, pp. 126-129. // 60 people received either 4 pilules of Arnica 7C alternated with 4 pilules of Hypericum 15C every 4 hours or placebo administered in the same way. Pain levels were assessed over 3 days from the beginning of the trial. It was found that 12 of the 30 people who received the placebo had a positive response to this intervention, and 23 of the 30 people (76%) given the homeopathic medicines responded positively to these.
others: Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Govt of India
Clinical research (1979-1992)
Collaborative Research (1988-2007)
CAM JOURNALS
1. Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative Medicine
Arsenicum album 30C and 200 C alters antinuclear antibody (ANA) titre in people living in high-risk arsenic contaminated areas (2006) FULL TEXT // n=69, 26 untreated, 26 on homeopathy and 17 on placebo, correction of arsenic-induced haematological changes such as total count of RBC, WBC, PCV, Hb, ESR and blood sugar level
2. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Individualised Homeopathic treatment of acute childhood diarrhoea (2000) // n=116, t=5 days, replicated study, Nepal,19 different remedies in 30C potency, one dose after every unformed stool for 5 days; 5 most common: Podophyllum, sulphur, Arsenicum album, Calcarea carbonica, Chamomilla , significant effect for duration of diarrhea (p=0.04) and number of daily unformed stools (p=0.02) compared to placebo, Time to normal stools was 3.5 d in homeop. patients and 4.2 d in placebo patients, Jadad score=5 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784270
Homeopathy vs placebo for menopausal symptoms in stage 1-3 breast cancer patients (2005) // n=55, t= 1 year,at least 3 episodes of hot flushes per day for at least 1 month, significant improvement in quality of life, Jadad score=5, [significant improvement in both homeopathy group compared to placebo, p<0.03 for combination remedy (Hyland’s Menopause) and p=0.02 for individualized homeopathy (35 remedies) (given once or twice a month)], significant improvement in hot flush severity in combination group over placebo (p=0.01), significant improvement in total number of hot flushes in combination group over placebo (p=0.006), OR=3.84
3. Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Homeopathy, sensation of well-being and CD4-levels (1998) FULL TEXT //n=36, Individualised homeopathy improves sensation of well-being, provided evidence of ultra-high dilutions and may affect CD4 levels, Mental (p=0.28) and physical (p=0.002) symptoms were in favour of homeopathy
Effects of the Arnica 30X vs placebo on 1995 Oslo marathon runners (1998) FULL TEXT //// n=71, reduces muscle soreness immediately after the marathon (p=0.017). Severity score after running was 6.27±1.85 in homeop. patients and 7.28±2.48 in placebo patients, Sign level=1+, Arnica 30x 5 pills twice a day for 3 days
Arnica montana 6c & Bellis perennis 30c on post-partum bleeding (2005) // bleeding after delivery, t= 72 hours, Hemoglobin level dropped in control group, but remained stable in the treatment group (statistically significant).
Arnica 30x vs placebo for patients receiving knee ligament reconstruction surgery (2006) // inflammation, n=57,116 on homeopathy and 111 on placebo, p=0.019, Oxford Quality score=5/5
4.Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
Use of Arnica 6x to relieve pain after carpal-tunnel release surgery (2002) // n=37, t= 2 weeks,3 times per day, Oxford Quality score=5/5
5.Alternative Medicine Review
Kali Bromatum 1X, Natrum Bromatum 2x, Nickel Sulfate 3X, Natrum Mur 6X vs placebo for dermatitis of scalp and dandruff (2002) FULL TEXT // n=41, t=10 weeks, Symptom severity score (at 5 weeks) improved 35.2±35.5 % in homeop. patients and 8.4±35.2 % in placebo patients, p=0.03
6.Forschende Komplementarmedizin
Aconitum 30C differs from placebo(2009)
Efficacy of stibium (antimony) 6X on blood coagulation (2009) // n=30, pro-coagulatory effect in bleeding disorder
Efficacy of the Euphorbium compositum-S nasal spray in sinusitis(1994) //n=155, Score for treatment severity was 1.37±0.30 in homeop. patients (n = 53) and 1.44±0.34 in placebo patients (n = 51), Linde quality=5
7.Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
Euphorbium, Pulsitilla & Luffa for viral infection of respiratory tract, Influenza A virus & rhino virus (2001) FULL TEXT //Euphorbium Compositum
Efficacy of Phyto-Hypophyson L in female for sterility & infrequent mensuration (2000) //A study of 67 women showed 57 percent improvement in fertility. Homeopathic treatment seemed to influence several factors including regulation of the menstrual cycle, regulation of hormones and enhancing ovulation
8. Ärztezeitschrift fuer Naturheilverfahren
Effect of Arnica montana 6 cH on edema, mouth opening and pain in patients submitted to extraction of impacted third molars (2005) FULL TEXT
9.Phytomedicine
Galphimia glauca 4X in treatment of pollinosis (1995) FULL TEXT // n=164, https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0b69JqzK_44cV9FVUw5R3ZpOUJxZ1FkeXVxN1pjWXZkRkQ0/edit
F4. DBRCT (other-than-placebo controlled)
1. Archives of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery
VertigoHeel Vs conventional treatment of vertigo(1998) FULL TEXT // n=105, Statistical Significant results with homeopathy as well as betahistine HCL
2. British Homeopathic Journal
Efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel Spiroflor SRL in the treatment of acute low back pain(2001) FULL TEXT //SRL (Symphytum, RhusTox, Ledum Pal) is equally effective as Cremor Capsici Compositus FNA but has better safety profile, n=21, high quality study
3.Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative Medicine
Homeopathic LM potencies Vs Fluoxetine for Depression(2009) FULL TEXT //n=91, individualized homeopathy, 1 drop thrice a week, 20 mg Fluoxetine HCL daily, sign level=1++, Homeopathy not inferior to fluoxetine (Prozac) but had a better safety profile. Higher percentage of patients treated with fluoxetine reported troublesome side effects and there was a trend toward greater treatment interruption for adverse effects in the fluoxetine group compared to homeopathy
4. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Arnica montana 4X for Healing of Wounds After Hallux Valgus (foot) Surgery Compared to Diclofenac 50 mg(2008) //n=88, t= 4 days, Arnica 10 globules 3 times a day for 4 days, Diclofenac 50 mg 3 times a day for 4 days, Both Arnica and Diclofenac therapeutically equivalent in wound irritation (p=0.049), swelling and patient mobility, arnica 60 % cost-effective than diclofenac, Arnica better tolerable in Homeopathy group (intolerance of 244 in homeopathy group compared to 9/44 in Diclofenac group), sign level=1-
VertigoHeel for treatment of Vertigo(2005)// combination remedy for atherosclerosis-related vertigo, n=170, t=6 weeks, control: Ginkgo Biloba, Vertigoheel was not inferior to G. biloba
5. Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
Comparing Luffa compositum-Heel nasal spray with cromolyn sodium spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(1999) FULL TEXT //n=146, combination remedy Homeopathic Nasal Spray containing Luffa, Galphimia, Histamine and Sulphur is as efficient and well tolerable as conventional therapy as Cromolyn Sodium
F5. Single-Blind Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial
1. Homeopathy
Individualised Homeopathic treatment of mouth ulcer(2009) FULL TEXT// n=100, t=6 days, two doses, pain intensity and ulcer size significantly lower in homeopathy group compared to placebo, P<0.05
Effects of homeopathic treatment on salivary flow rate in patients with oral drynessof the mouth (2005) // n=28, t=12 weeks, 13/15 patients in homeopathy group experienced a significant relief of xerostomia whereas no such effect was found in the placebo group (0/13). Following this, those on placebo were switched to homeopathic medicine, after which all experienced relief from dryness of the mouth.
F6. Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial
1.International Review of Allergology and Clinical Immunology
Gripp-Heel for prevention of influenza (1999) FULL TEXT //n=124, Increases in antibody responses were higher in homeopathy patients than in placebo patients
F7. RCT (other-than-placebo controlled)
1. Journal of Clinical Oncology
Phase 3 RCT of Calendula compared with trolamine for prevention of dermatitis during radiotherapy for breast cancer (2009) FULL TEXT //n=254, p<0.001, reduction in high energy radiation-induced pain, superior to trolamine https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0b69JqzK_44NVhRVWxnWl93eEVyRWZCN0tGbmcyejRwWDJN/edit
2.Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Calcarea Carbonica 30c, Pulsatilla 30c and Sulfur 30c for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections (2005) // 2 pills for 2 days per week for 12 weeks, n=169. The difference in the median number of days with URTI symptoms was statistically significant with 8 days in the homeopathic group and 13 days in the control group (p = 0.006), Jadad score=5, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338192
3. Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete
Efficacy of homeopathy in the treatment of chronic low back pain(2002) // RCT, n=43
4. Arzneimittel-Forschung
Comparison of acetylsalicylic acid with Eupatorium perfoliatum 2X in treatment of common cold (1981) //// n=53, Symptom severity score (4d) was 6.1±3.6 in homeop. patients and 6.4±3.6 in standard patients, Linde Quality=2, homeopathy equals conmed
F8. DBPCT
1. Journal of Psychopharmacology
Homeopathic pathogenetic trials produce more specific than non-specific symptoms(2008)
2. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Effect of Nux Vomica 30 and Coffea Cruda 30on polysomnographic sleep of young adults(2010) FULL TEXT // insomnia https://web.archive.org/web/20131204062234/http://www.homeopathyoz.org/downloads/PolysomnographicTestingOfInsomnia-22Mar2010.pdf
3. British Homoeopathic Journal
Arnica, Bryonia & Rhus Tox for fibromyalgia(1986) // n=24, t=3 months,significant improvement in pain (p<0.05) and sleep (p<0.05), Jadad score=3
Stramonium 200c and Hyoscyamus 200c for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(1997) FULL TEXT // n=43, p<0.05, Mean response scores were 1.00 in homeop. patients and 0.35 in placebo patients, Jadad score=2, medicine 6 times a day for upto 5 days
F9. DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES
1.MicroVascular Research
Micro-circulatory effects of VertigoHeel on vertigo (2005) FULL TEXT // n=32, t=12 weeks
2.British Homoeopathic Journal
Mustard Gas 30 as prophylactic and Rhus Tox 30c for treatment of burns and skin lesions due to mustard gas (1943) http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/illustrating/records/report-on-mustard-gas-experiments-glasgow-and-london/whole_articles
3. Homeopathy
Treatment of hyperactive children (2006) FULL TEXT
F10. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE STUDIES (OBSERVATIONAL/COHORT/PILOT STUDIES)
1. BMC Public Health
Homeopathic medical practice (2005) FULL TEXT // (Chronic) Disease severity (p<0.001) and quality of life demonstrated marked and sustained improvements following homeopathic treatment in 3981 patients for 2 years, Conditions treated were allergic rhinitis in men, headache in women, and atopic dermatitis in children, cohort study
How healthy are chronically ill patients after eight years of homeopathic treatment? (2008) FULL TEXT // 103 swiss and german clinics,73% of 3709 patients followed up for 8 years, p<0.001,quality of life increases, disease severity decreases from 6.2 at baseline to 2.9 at 2 years to 2.2 at 8 years. For children, a reduction from a baseline disease severity of 6.1 to 2.1 at 2 years was noted and then to 1.7 at 8 years.
2.Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Viburcol (Chamomilla, Belladonna, Calcarea carbonica, Dulcamara, Plantago major, and Pulsatilla) for treatment of fever (2005) // n=198 in 38 Belgian clinics,febrile symptoms such as fever, cramps, disturbed sleep, difficulty eating or drinking, crying, Viburcol as effective as acetaminophen but better tolerable
Traumeel S ointment for tendon injuries (2005) // n=253, traumeel superior to 1% diclofenac gel
Asclepias vincetoxicum & Sulphur for treatment of upper respiratory infections associated with common cold (2006)
3.The European Journal of Heart Failure
Efficacy of homeopathic Crataegus & Spigelia for mild cardiac insufficiency (2003) FULL TEXT
4.Pediatrics International
Spascupreel for treatment of Gastro-intestinal crampsand spasms in children (2007)// cohort study, n=204, t=1 week, children were given either spascupreel or hyoscine butylbromide, both found equally good
5.Scientific World Journal
Avena Sativa 2X, Passiflora Incarnata 2X, Zincum Valerianicum 4X, Coffea Cruda 12X for treatment of Insomnia (2008)// combination remedy Neurexan vs Valerian, 89 clinics, t=28 days, n=409, less daytime fatigue in homeopathic patients 49% vs 32% in valerian, duration of sleep at 8, 12, 14 days and daytime fatigue (both significantly in favour of homeopathy), SIGN level=2-, http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2008/689282.pdf
Avena Sativa 2X, Passiflora Incarnata 2X, Zincum Valerianicum 4X, Coffea Cruda 12X for treatment of nervousness/restlessness (2009)FULL TEXT // Neurexan (combination remedy), other-than-placebo controlled: Valerian The summary score for nervousness/restlessness was reduced in the Neurexan group by 11.5 ± 7.3 score units. In the valerian group, the summary score was reduced by 9.0 ± 6.6, http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2009/563750.pdf
6.International Journal of Clinical Practice
Gripp-Heel (Aconitum napellus 4X, Bryonia alba 4X, Eupatorium perfoliatum 3X, Lachesis, Phosphorous) for viral infections (2004) FULL TEXT //n=485, 78.1% of people found it effective compared to 52.2% of those using conventional medicine
7.Journal of Hellenic Headache Association
Homeopathic Treatment in patients with migraine (2006)
8.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Homoeopathic treatment of otitis media (1997) FULL TEXT // n=131, duration of pain of 2 days in homeopathy-group (n=103) & 3 days in conventional (antibiotic, antipyretic, secretolytics) group (n=28). 70.7 % & 56.5% of children receiving homeopathy & conventional respectively did not have another ear infection the next year
9.The Clinical Journal of Pain
Homeopathic Treatment of chronic low back pain (2009) n=129, t=2 years, quality of life improved
10. Oncology Reports
Lung (4 cases) and oesophageal Cancer patients treated with the Banerji protocols: A Best Case Series Program of the National Cancer Institute USA (2008) FULL TEXT // Concluded that there was sufficient evidence of efficacy to support further research into the Banerji protocol
11. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
Role of homoeopathy in ophthalmological conditions (1982) FULL TEXT
12. Geriatrics
Homeopathic Treatment of Elderly Patients (2010) FULL TEXT //severity of complaints (hypertension and sleep disturbances) of 83 patients over 2 years time decrease significantly
13. Experimental Biology and Medicine
in vitro studies shows anti-cancer activity of Gelsimium 2-4c (2008) FULL TEXT // https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zKIz3A9nIfsW0xghfZ9Myd9Xk_YN_PBPTwe6UozgreU/edit
14. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Gripp-Heel (Aconitum 4X, Bryonia 3X, Eupatorium 2X, Lachesis 11X, Phosphorous 4X) for respiratory viral infections (2007) FULL TEXT // in vitro
15. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
Individualised Homeopathic treatment of otitis media (2001) //otitis media: inflammation of middle ear, n= 75, 8 different remedies in C30 potency; 4 most commonly used (88%) were Pulsatilla nigrans, Chamomilla, sulphur, Calcarea carbonica; 3-5 pellets 3 times daily, significant decrease in symptoms at 24 and 64 hrs after treatment in favour of homeopathy (P<0.05) compared to placebo, OR=1.84, Jadad score=5
16. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
Homeopathic treatment of patients with psoriasis (2009) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19192019
17.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift
Homeopathy in emergency medicine (2005) FULL TEXT // critically ill patients in ICU
18. Ultrastructural Pathology
Canova differentiates monocytes in absence of cytokines(2008) FULL TEXT // combination remedy, in vitro
19. Genetics and Molecular Research
Canova for cancer treatment(2003) FULL TEXT
20. Advanced Therapies
Arnica montana gel in osteoarthritis of the knee (2002)// n=79,significant reduction in pain and stiffness, and a significant improvement in the functional ability of the knee.
21. Arzneimittel-Forschung
Antioxidative, antiproliferative and biochemical effects of Hepeel (Carduus marianus, Cinchona, Lycopodium, Nux moschata, Colocynthis D6, Veratrum album D6, Chelidonium, Phosphorus D6) in HepG2 cells (2003) //in vitro, combination, as well as the effects individually
22. The Lancet
Prophylactic powers of Belladonna against Scarlet Fever (1829)// The proper use of belladonna has, in most cases, prevented infection. Numerous observations have shown that, by the general use of belladonna, epidemics of scarlet fever have actually been arrested. In those few instances where the use of belladonna was insufficient to prevent infection, the disease has been invariably slight.
23. STP Pharma Sciences
Anti-inflammatory action of combination of Urtica Urens 4c and Apis 4c AND Belladonna 4c and Pulsatilla 4c (1999) // combination remedy
24.Dermatology
Individualised Homoeopathic versus conventional therapy for atopic eczema in children (2009) //n= 135, t=1 year, corticosteroid and anti-histamine, Jadad score=1
25. Cases Journal
Exfoliative cheilitis (inflammation of lips) treated with Calendula (2009) FULL TEXT
26. Palliative Medicine
Homeopathic approach to symptom control in the cancer patient (2002)
27.Ear, Nose and Throat disorders
Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis (2009) FULL TEXT
28.Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
Potentised Ethanol for alcohol withdrawl and Potentised morphine for morphine addiction (2003) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12949688
29. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research
Traumeel vs NSAID for inflammation of the epicondyle (2004) FULL TEXT // Traumeel superior to NSAID on variable pain at rest (p<0.01), joint mobility (p<0.01) http://www.heel.com/upload/attachment_62_8028.pdf
HOMEOPATHY JOURNALS
1.Homoeopathic Links
Usefulness of the Homeopathic Medicines in Furunculosis (2010) // Hepar sulphuris, Antimonium crudum, Sulphur and Calcarea carbonica for boils,p=0.0001 in the mean total furunculosis symptom score developed by the CCRH
Efficacy of homeopathic drugs in dermatitis of atopic diathesis (2003) // n=31 people suffering from atopic skin and respiratory symptoms with individualised homeopathic therapy (Arsenicum album, Merc solubilis, Hepar sulph, Arsenicum iod, Antimony tart, Pulsatilla and Calc carb)over a period of 5 years. During a 6 month assessment period following this treatment, the authors determined that 41% of the group with skin and respiratory symptoms achieved not less than a 76% improvement in symptoms.
2. The British Homoeopathic Journal
Potentised Carboneum sulphuratum and Tabacum in Cuban epidemic neuropathy (2001) //
Individualised Homeopathic treatment in women with premenstrual syndrome (2001) FULL TEXT // n=19, 90% of patients who had received homeopathic treatment (200c potency) experienced more than 30% improvement (P=0.048). Only 37.5 % of patients who received placebo experienced a similar improvement, OR=5.5
Treatment for hyperactive children: homeopathy and methylphenidate (ritalin) compared (2001) // ADHD, individualised LM potency, n=114 (3-17 years), t=3.5 months, 86 (75%) responded to homeopathy, 22% responded to methylphenidate, 3% to none of them
Quality of life in patients with headache, receiving homeopathic treatment (2001) FULL TEXT // statistically significant results in favour of homeopathy, n=53, t=4-6 weeks, >60% improvement in 4 weeks
Homeopathic treatment of patients with persistent mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) (2000) FULL TEXT // 50 people with persistent MTBI were treated either with their constitutional homeopathic remedy or placebo. The homeopathic treatment provided superior results to those from the placebo control
Quadruple nosode (Bacillinum, Influenzinu, Pneumococcus and Streptococcus) as a preventive for respiratory infections (1964) // combination remedy
Poliomyelitis and prophylaxis (1950)// In 1950 during an epidemic of poliomyelitis, Dr Taylor Smith of Johannesburg, South Africa protected 82 people with homoeopathic Lathyrus sativus. Of the 82 so immunised, 12 came into direct contact with disease. None were infected.
Evaluation of 2LHERP in preventing recurrences of genital herpes (2000) // nosode, combination remedy 2LHERP=homeopathic RNA+homeopathic viral DNA
Calcarea Fluorata for Cervical Spondylitis (1996) // n=154, t=1 year, clinical improvement in 60.38%,40% in those given medicine other than calc fluor
Sulphur for treatment of Alcohol Withdrawl (1993) //n=30, t=3 months, alcohol withdrawal and delirium, Poland
Staphylococcus 12c decreases immune complexes, increases CD4 lymphocytes in HIV patients (2000)// n=16, case series of 12 infected and 4 healthy persons
Homeopathy in acute otitis media(2001) FULL TEXT // n=230, t=12 hours, 72% of those using homeopathy had significant relief. Resolution rates were 2.4 times faster than in placebo controls. Compared to conventional treatment the homeopathic approach was 14% cheaper
Applicability of Caulophyllum 7C during labour(1993) // n=22, reduces duration of labour by 90 minutes
Individualised Homeopathy in treatment of Fibroid in Uterus (1992) // n=84, t=1-3 years, pain improved in 79% of subjects, abnormal bleeding in 75 % subjects, reduction fibroid volume in majority of cases http://www.homeopathyjournal.net/article/S0007-0785%2805%2980172-3/abstract
3. International Journal of High Dilution Research
Effect of homeopathic medication on the cognitive and motor performance of autistic children (2008) FULL TEXT // autism
Homeopathic treatment of coronary artery disease (2009) FULL TEXT
Homeopathic treatment of Dengue (2008) FULL TEXT
Tongue Analysis (2009) FULL TEXT
Carbon Remedies (2009) FULL TEXT
Nephrotic Syndrome in adults (2009) FULL TEXT //tuberculinum, apis, arsenicum album, etc
Usefulness of 13 homeopathic medicines in the management of acute rhinitis(2010) FULLTEXT // Nux-Vomica, Merc, Belladonna,pre- and post-score assessment as per acute rhinitis symptom score developed by CCRH showed statistically significant improvement, p<0.05
4.Homeopathy
Individualised Homeopathy for treatment of symptoms of oestrogen withdrawal in breast cancer patients (2003) // n=45, Primary symptoms such as hot flushes,Primary symptoms changed from 7.8 to 5.4, and from 7.2 to 4.1 (p<0.001), super-avogardo dilution
An observational study of patients receiving homeopathic treatment (2004) FULL TEXT //improved physical condition & high satisfaction in 782 patients, t= 9 years 2 months, costs less, individualised treatment, allopathy drug discontinued
Effectiveness of homeopathic care in Norway (2005) FULL TEXT // 70% reported improvement in 6 months, Patients using conventional medications reduced them from 39% to 16%
Homeopathy for hyper-sensitivity (2006) FULL TEXT // n=88,24% of 34 treated conventionally experienced an improvement in their condition while 57% of 54 treated with homeopathy experienced similar relief.
Treating hot flushes in menopausal women with homeopathic treatment (2008) FULL TEXT //n=438, Significant reduction in the frequency of hot flushes and significant reduction in daily discomfort.
Homeopathic treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009) FULL TEXT // n=46
Cost-benefit evaluation of homeopathic versus conventional therapy in respiratory diseases (2009) FULL TEXT // treatment by homeopathy costs 50% less, individualised homeopathy
Homeopathic therapy for male infertility (2002) //n=45,t=10.3 months, A total of 26 homoeopathic medicines in LM 18 potency were prescribed, the most common ones were (in order of the number of prescriptions): Natrum muriaticum, Lycopodium, Calcarea carbonicum, Pulsatilla, Phosphous, Silicea, and Thuja. Sperm count and sperm motility were improved by homeopathy and the improvement was comparable with conventional treatment. p=0.011 for sperm density and p=o,o45 for motility. A total of 8 pregnancies occurred in 7 couples, with one having twins
Individualised Homeopathy as an adjunct to usual care for fibromyalgia (2009) //n=47, p<0.01 on Fibromyalgia impact Questionnaire score in favour of homeopathy (7.62 vs 3.63), randomized, OTP controlled, Jadad score=2
Homeopathy in respiratory allergies (2006) FULL TEXT // n=147
Homeopathy for the treatment of menstrual irregularities: a case series (2009)
Homeopathic treatment of radiation-induced itching in breast cancer patients (2004) //21 out of 25 benefitted from individualised homeopathy
Canova in vitro (2009) FULL TEXT
Homeopathy for arthritis (2008)// n=47
Homeopathic treatment of intractable atopic dermatitis (2003) // n=17
Application of 200C potency of bacteria for Leptospirosis epidemic control (2010) FULL TEXT // Conducted by the Finlay Institute, a vaccines producer in Cuba gave 2.308562 million (70% of the target population above the age of 1 year) people in Cuba given two doses (1 dose=5 drops) of 200C potency of Leptospirosis bacteria, each (7-9 days apart) for protection against Leptospirosis (fever+jaundice+ inflammation in kidney+enlargement of spleen) with only 10 reported cases. Dramatic decrease in morbidity within two weeks and zero morbidity of hospitalised patients, non-treated area saw an inrease in number of cases from 309 cases in 2007 to 376 in 2008 representing a 21% increase. cost of homeopathic immunization =1/15th of conmed vaccine. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0b69JqzK_44ODcxYWY0MTAtOGQ1NC00MmUzLWI4NDQtZThjZWUyY2E1ZWRk/edit
5. Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy
Poliomyelitis immunization (1961) // In 1956,Dr H.W. Eisfelder immunized over 6,000 children with this Lathyrus sativus. There were no side effects and no cases of polio reported in the group
6. American Journal of Homoeopathic Medicine
Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases in Children, 2009, 102 (3): 122-129 //n=327, The difference in the mean number of stools and diarrhoea index score (before and after treatment) developed by the CCRH was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0001). Podophyllum, Chamomilla, Aethusa cynapium, Calcarea Carbonica and Mercurius solubilis were found to be most useful, individualised homeopathy
Hahnemann’s Contribution
7. Zeitschrift für Praktischen Medizin
A case of rapidly cured colicodynia, Vol. 3. Part. 1, p. 138-147, 1797
Cure and prevention of scarlet fever, 1801
8.Reichs Anzeiger
On a proposed remedy for hydrophobia, No. 7, 49, 71, 1803.
9.Allgemeine Reichsanzeiger
Treatment of typhus & fever at present prevailing, No. 6, Jan. 1814 // Bryonia and Rhustox.
Treatment of burns, No. 156, 1816
Treatment of purpura miliaris, No. 26, 1821 // blockage of sweat glands
10.Archiv für die homöopathische Heilkunst
Cure and prevention of Asiatic cholera, Vol. 11, part 1, 1831
11.The British Journal of Homoeopathy
Treatment of chronic local disease and of phthisis. Vol. 11, 1853 // Tuberculosis
CAM JOURNALS
1.Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Traumeel for trauma and acute musculo-skeletal injuries (2008)
Homoeopathic versus conventional treatment of children with eczema (2008) // n=118, t=1 year,those children who were treated homeopathically had a greater level of recovery from symptoms than those treated with corticosteroid and anti-histamine, p<0.001, cohort study, Jadad score=1
Homoeopathic Vs conventional treatment strategies in patients with chronic disorders (2005) FULL TEXT // n=493,t= 1 year, chronic disorders such as headache, lower back pain, insomnia, depression, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis
2. Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
Treatment of rhinitis & sinus with Euphorbium compositum nasal drops (2005) n=739
3. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
NervoHeel N for Nervous Disorders (2007) FULL TEXT //other than-placebo control: Lorazepam
Can Homeopathy Bring Additional Benefits to Thalassemic Patients: Encouraging Results (2010) FULL TEXT // n=38,significant decrease in the serum ferritin and increase in fetal haemoglobin levels in subjects treated with homeopathic remedies in combination with Hydroxyurea. In the 30 patients having enlarged spleen, there was a reduction in size of spleen. There was an increase in the interval period of blood transfusion requirement (ranging between 25 and 75%) in the combined treatment group.
Asenicum Album 30c to combat arsenic poisoning (2005) FULL TEXT // placebo-controlled,n=53, Arsenic concentration in the urine of verum group was significantly lower on 6/11 days
4. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine
Homeopathy versus conventional treatment in respiratory tract and ear complaints (2001) FULL TEXT // other-than-placebo controlled trial, homeopathic medicine in 30c potency, response rate of 82.6% in homeopathy group compared to 67.3% in conventional group
Homeopathic Treatment for Chronic Disease (2005) FULL TEXT // 70.7% of 6544 patients over 6- year period reported improvement, 50% had major improvement in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, menopausal problems and migraines. Children had improvements in eczema and asthma.
Tumor (blood cancer) Therapy with Amanita phalloides (2010) FULL TEXT
Immune-modulatory effects of Phase 6 and Flu Terminator (2007)// elicts human immune response in-vitro, combination remedies
5.Complementary & Alternative Medicine
Patient satisfaction & side effects: comparing homeopathy & conventional medicine (2008) FULL TEXT // swiss govt. report, higher patient satisfaction & 3 times fewer side-effects in homeopathy,21% of those treated with homeopathy reported “complete resolution” of the complaint versus 28% of those on conventional therapy and 53% reported “complete satisfaction” with homeopathic treatment versus 40% of those given conventional therapy. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/52
Homeopathic & conventional treatment for acute respiratory & ear complaints (2007) FULL TEXT // n=1577 from 57 clinics in 8 countries, t-14 days. The onset of improvement within the first 7 days after treatment was significantly faster in those with homeopathic treatment, both in children and adults.
6. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
Cost saving by Homeopathy in atopic and allergic disorders (2002) // n=48, 56%of patients reduced their use of conventional medication following the homeopathic intervention,medication expense reduced by an average of 60%, with an average savings of $24 per patient in the 3-month period following the homeopathic intervention.
Homeopathic treatment of depression and anxiety(1997) // n= 12, t=7 to 80 weeks, 58% of patients responded to homeopathy for anxiety and phobia
7.Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice
Homoeopathic treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children (2010)
8.Forschende Komplementarmedizin
Effect of Coffea Cruda on mood, anger and depression in insomnia patients (2010) //n=59, t=1month
F9. REVIEW ARTICLES (other than systematic reviews)
1. Alternative Medicine Review
A review of homeopathic research in treatment of respiratory allergies (2010) FULL TEXT
2. International Journal of High Dilution Research
Flu pandemics: homeopathic prophylaxis and definition of the epidemic genius (2009) FULL TEXT
20 years of experience with LM potencies (2009) FULL TEXT
Homeopathy: a preventive approach to medicine (2009) FULL TEXT
Repertory based on Baye’s theorm (2010) FULL TEXT
Scientific framework of Homeopathy: Evidence-based Homeopathy (2008) FULL TEXT
3.Evidence-based Complimentary & Alternative Medicine
Immunology and Homeopathy -1 (2005) FULL TEXT
Immunolgy and Homeopathy-2 (2006) FULL TEXT
Immunolgy and Homeopathy-5 (2006) FULL TEXT
Entanglement Theory (2007) FULL TEXT
4. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Homeopathy had a significant effect beyond placebo (2008) FULL TEXT //(odds ratio= 0.76) with p=0.039 at 95% CI, meta-analysis
5. Homeopathy
Canova in vitro (2009) FULL TEXT
6.Forschende Komplementarmedizin
Real-world Effectiveness, Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Homeopathy in General Practice(2006) FULL TEXT // Swiss govt commissioned Health Technology Assessment Committee comprising of 10 scientists including 3 homeopaths concluded after 7 years of research: 20 out of 22 systematic reviews having a trend in favour of homeopathy, re-evaluated shang study taking into account external and internal validity and found a truly remarkable result in favour of homeopathy.
J. ANIMAL STUDIES
http://www.carstens-stiftung.de/clinresvet/suche.php // Database of 304 papers. Click “Retreive long version”
http://www.homeopathicvet.org/Veterinary_Research_into_Homeopathy/Veterinary_Papers_Peer_Reviewed_files/Animal%20Studies%20by%20Date%20of%20Publication.pdf
http://hpathy.com/scientific-research/research-in-homoeopathy/3
http://avilian.co.uk/2008/08/scientific-research-and-homeopathy-animal-studies
L1. SIGNIFICANT YEARS OF RESEARCH
1823: World’s first homeopathy Journal (German): Dr. Johann Ernst Stapf’sArchive for the Homoeopathic Medicine
1835: World’s first Double-Blind Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial was conducted by a homeopath physician Johann Jacob Reuter, The Nuremberg salt test
1860: World’s first homeopathy Journal (English):The North American Journal of Homeopathy
1988: The Memory of Unique Water Structures (Dr. Jacques Beneviste)
1991: Potentisation creates molecular clusters in water
1995: Homeopathy is nanopharmacology (Paolo Bellavite, Andread Signorini)
1997: Homeopathic medicines have the capacity to interact with the genetic blueprint (Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh)
1999: Potentisation alters the properties of Water (Elia V, Niccoli M)
2001: Alcohol forms clusters with water (Wisniewski)
2005: Potentisation alters the structure of water (Dr. Rustom Roy)
2007: Succussion creates nano-bubbles and Transient Localised regions
2008: homeopathic medicines have stable and unique molecular structure with recognizable properties (Dr. Rustom Roy)
2009: Potentisation creates specific nano-structures (Dr. Luc Montagnier, Nobel Laureate)
2010: Homeopathic medicine upto 200c retains nano-grams of fine nano-particles of the original starting material (Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay)
L2. RESEARCH BOOKS
1.The Trials of Homeopathy. Michael Emmans Dean. KVC Verlag. 2004 // Trials from 1821-1998,5 prospective trials and 205 controled trials, conclusion: “homeopathy appears mostly as safe as reputed”, “homeopathy does appear to be capable of influencing global outcomes such as well being and co-morbidity”, “economic benefits are noticeable”
2.The Emerging Science of Homeopathy.Complexity, Biodynamics and Nanopharmacology. Paolo Bellavite, Andread Signorini. North Atlantic Books. Berkeley, California. 1995. ISBN 1-55643-384- 0. http://bit.ly/d30Tll
M1. POTENCY SELECTION
Posology Pro
Golden ratio/Fibonacci scale of remedies
Views of different Experts
M2. DISCUSSION FORUMS
Rational Skepticism-1 // TMB
Rational Skepticism-2 // TMB
Phoenix Rising // Mark
Peer-review Vs public scrutiny
SECTION-B
A. GENETIC RESEARCH
Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh in his paper “Potentized homeopathic drugs act through regulation of gene expression: a hypothesis to explain their mechanism and pathways of action in vivo” Com Ther Med. 1997: 5; 43. proposed that homeopathic substances have the capacity to interact with the genetic blueprint and deliver their benefits by increasing the expression of genes that synthesise health promoting proteins i.e. homeopathic medicines activate genes i.e.genes can be turned on and off by use of homeopathic remedies
Dynamized Preparations in cell Culture (2009) FULL TEXT // Carcinosinum200C,Conium,Lycopodiumactivates beneficial gene p53 which provides defense against tumour/cancer
Nux vomica & Calendula have significant effect on gene expression (2010) FULL TEXT
Evaluation of 2LHERP in preventing recurrences of genital herpes (2000) //nosodes, combination remedy, 2LHERP=homeopathic RNA+homeopathic viral DNA
overview:http://www.complementary-medicine.com/NewHomeopathy1.htm
http://www.complementary-medicine.com/NewHomeopathy2.htm
B1. IDENTIFICATION OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES (4techniques)
A.Spectroscopy: It is the study of interaction between matter and radiated energy i.e. how a substance absorbs, emits or scatters electromagnetic radiation
1.Raman Laser Spectroscopy (1976)
In 1976, Boiron and Vinh used Raman Laser Spectroscopy, showing that for the 1C potency of Kali bichromicum the spectrum of alcohol disap-pears completely, while that for potassium bichromate appears. In Kali bich 1C the ratio of the number of potassium bichromate molecules is 1 to 500. In such a case the light meets 500 more alcohol molecules as those of bichromate, yet the alcohol spectrum does not appear.
2. New Magnetic Resonance method by K. Lenger (2006)
Homeopathic Potencies Identified By a New Magnetic Resonance Method published in journal ‘Subtle Energies and Energy Medicine’
Delayed luminescence of high homeopathic potencies on sugar globuli (2008)
3. Ultra-Violet–Visible spectroscopy (2007)
The defining role of structure including epitaxy in the plausibility of homeopathy (2007) FULL TEXT // distinguishes Nux vomica and Natrum muriaticum from one another and within a given medicine, the 6c, 12c, and 30c potencies, distinguishes Natrum Mur, Puls and lachesis at 30c potency
4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (2008)
The first NMR spectroscopy in homeopathy was by Boericke GW, Smith RB. Modern aspects of homeopathic research.Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy,1965; 58: 158-167; 1966; 59: 263-272.
NMR spectroscopy on Kalium Bichromium (2008) FULL TEXT // 3C differs from 4C
High dilutions of histamine distinguishable using NMR (2009)
discussion
http://hpathy.com/scientific-research/lionel-milgrom
http://hpathy.com/homeopathyforums/forum_posts.asp?TID=8879
http://forums.hpathy.com/forum_posts.asp?TID=9047
http://www.hpathy.com/homeopathyforums/forum_posts.asp?TID=6908&PN=4
5. Electromagnetic Signatures (2009)
Nanostructures in highly diluted biological samples of bacteria and virus DNA sequence produces electro-magnetic signals (2009) FULL TEXT
B. Thermo-luminescence (2003): The amount of light produced by a sample when it is heated (due to the release of stored energy) can be measured.
Low temperature thermo-luminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride & sodium chloride (2003) FULL TEXT
C. Dielectric Dispersion (2010)
Homeopathic medicines when subjected to variable frequency electric field shows dielectric dispersion (2010)
D. Physiological variability in human body (G.D. Jindal et. al., 2004): homeopathic medicines produce change in body temperature by its action on hypothalamus
Software for measuring physiological variability (2008)
discussion
http://homeoresearch.blogspot.com // check research work in left pane
http://h-wave.blogspot.com/2007_12_01_archive.html
http://www.homeopathyworldcommunity.com/profiles/blogs/bhabha-atomic-research-centre
B2. TO DISTINGUISH HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE FROM THE SOLVENT/CONTROL(5 techniques)
1. Bio-Electro-graphy: Dynamic Electrophotonic Capture: Gas Discharge Visualisation (2003)
Gas Discharge Visualization Evaluation of Ultramolecular Doses of Homeopathic Medicines (2003)
2. Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (2005)
Variation in Fourier transform infrared spectra of homeopathic potencies (2005) FULL TEXT
3. High Voltage Plasma (2008)
Distinguishing Natrum Mur 30 from water by High voltage plasma (2008) // electrical impedance of Natrum Mur 30 c differ from water
4. Transmission Electron Microscopy (2010)
Presence of nanoparticles in homeopathic medicines as detected by TEM while there won’t be any nanoparticles detected in solvent/control because it is a placebo
5. Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy (2011)
Cuprum Sulphuricum 11-30c differs from placebo (2011)
D. COMPARISON WITH CONMED AND PLACEBO
By the end of year 2008, there have been 14 RCT comparing homeopathy to ConMed [ref]
The distribution of studies in a form of a table comparing homeopathy with Con-Med and placebo is shown at https://drnancymalik.wordpress.com/article/research-database-in-homeopathy-2/
D1. HOMEOPATHY SUPERIOR TO CONMED
DBRCT have shown superiority of homeopathy over allopathy in treatment of otitis media, depression, low back pain, upper respiratory tract infection, trauma and musco-skeletal injuries, so can be used as first line of treatment
1.Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Viburcol (Chamomilla, Belladonna, Calcarea carbonica, Dulcamara, Plantago major, and Pulsatilla) for treatment of febrile infctions in children(2005) //febrile symptoms such as fever, cramps, disturbed sleep, difficulty eating or drinking, crying=198 in 38 Belgian Clinics, Viburcol as effective as acetaminophen but better tolerable
Traumeel S ointment for tendon injuries (2005) // Traumeel superior to diclofenac gel
2.Scientific World Journal
Avena Sativa 2X, Passiflora Incarnata 2X, Zincum Valerianicum 4X, Coffea Cruda 12X for treatment of Insomnia (2008) // Neurexan superior to valerian
3.International Journal of Clinical Practice
Gripp-Heel (Aconitum napellus 4X, Bryonia alba 4X, Eupatorium perfoliatum 3X, Lachesis, Phosphorous) for viral infections-(2004) FULL TEXT //combination remedy, n=485, 78.1% of people found it effective compared to 52.2% of those using conventional medicine
4. American Journal of Pain Management
Osteo-arthritic Pain: A Comparison of Homeopathy and Paracetamol (1998) // 55% achieved pain relief from homeopathy as compared to 38% from acetaminophen
5.Homeopathy
Homeopathy as an adjunct to usual care for fibromyalgia (2009) FULL TEXT
An observational study of patients receiving homeopathic treatment (2004) FULL TEXT //improved physical condition & high satisfaction, costs less, allopathy drug discontinued
Homeopathy for hyper-sensitivity (2006)
Homeopathic & antibiotic treatment strategies in recurrent acute rhinopharyngitis (2005) // Inflammation of the mucous membranes of nose & throat, homeopathy superior to anti-biotic
Homeopathic and conventional therapies in patients with type-2 diabetic polyneuropathy(2009) //n-61, t= 1 year, p=0.016
6.British Homoeopathic Journal
Efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel Spiroflor SRL in the treatment of acute low back pain (2001) FULL TEXT // SRL (Symphytum, RhusTox, Ledum Pal) is equally effective as Cremor Capsici Compositus FNA but has better safety profile, Double-blind Randomised Trial with n=21
7.Complementary & Alternative Medicine
Patient satisfaction & side effects: comparing homeopathy & conventional medicine (2008) FULL TEXT // higher patient satisfaction & 3 times fewer side-effects in homeopathy
8.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Homoeopathic treatment of otitis media (1997) // duration of pain of 2 days in homeopathy-group & 3 days in conventional group. 70.7 % & 56.5% of children receiving homeopathy & conventional respectively did not have another ear infection the next year
9. Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative Medicine
Homeopathic LM potencies Vs Fluoxetine for Depression (2009) FULL TEXT //Homeopathy not inferior to fluoxetine (Prozac) but had a better safety profile,Higher percentage of patients treated with fluoxetine reported troublesome side effects and there was a trend toward greater treatment interruption for adverse effects in the fluoxetine group compared to homeopathy, Double-blind Randomised Trial with n=91
10.Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Homeopathy for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections (2005) Randomised Controlled Trial with n=69. The difference in the median number of days with URTI symptoms was statistically significant with 8 days in the homeopathic group and 13 days in the control group (p = 0.006)
Traumeel for trauma and acute musculo-skeletal injuries (2008)
11.Journal of Clinical Oncology
Phase 3 RCT of Calendula compared with trolamine for prevention of dermatitis during radiotherapy for breast cancer(2009) //n=254, p<0.001, reduction in high energy radition-induced pain, superior to trolamine
D2. HOMEOPATHY COST-EFFECTIVE THAN CONMED
Between 2001-2010, 24 economic evaluations including 13 full economic evaluations done, ref: Hermann P, Poindexter B, Witt CM, Eisenberg D. BMJ Open 2012
The cost of homeopathic medicines are much less than conmed because they are generic, non-patented and non-patentable.
Cost-benefit evaluation of homeopathic versus conventional therapy in respiratory diseases (2009) FULL TEXT // treatment by homeopathy costs 50% less
Homeopathy in acute otitis media (2001) FULL TEXT // n=230, After 12 hours, 72% of those using homoeopathy experienced significant relief of symptoms, which was 2.4 times faster than the response to placebo.Compared to conventional treatment the homeopathic approach was 14% cheaper
Arnica montana 4X for Healing of Wounds After Hallux Valgus Surgery Compared to Diclofenac 50 mg(2008) // n=88, t= 4 days, arnica provided same level of wound irritation reduction but 60% cost-effective than diclofenac
Homeopathic and conventional therapies in patients with type-2 diabetic polyneuropathy(2009) //n-61, t= 1 year, p=0.016
D3. HOMEOPATHY EQUALS CONMED
1.Archives of Otolaryngology- head & Neck Surgery
Homeopathic Vs conventional treatment of vertigo (1998) FULL TEXT //Double Blind Randomised Controlled trial with n=119, Statistical Significant results with homeopathy as well as betahistine
2.The European Journal of Heart Failure
Efficacy of homeopathic Crataegus & Spigelia for mild cardiac insufficiency (2003) FULL TEXT // Crataegus & Spigelia Vs ACE inhibitors/Diuretics
3. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Asclepias vincetoxicum & Sulphur for treatment of upper respiratory infections associated with common cold (2006) // homeopathy Vs anti-histamine and anti-inflammatory drugs
4. Biologische Medizin
Vertigoheel Vs Dimenhydrinate for vertigo(2001) FULL TEXT // 88% patient improved compared to 87 % in conventional group
Viburcol for infections due to fever (2002) FULL TEXT // equals paracetamol
5. Der Allgemeinarzt
Zeel (Rhus Tox, Dulcamara, Sanguinara, Arnica) for osteo-arthritis (2003) FULL TEXT // equals COX 2 inhibitors
6. Homeopathy
Placebo effect size same in conventional & homeopathic medicine (2010) FULL TEXT
7. Complementary & Alternative Medicine
Homeopathic & conventional treatment for acute respiratory & ear complaints (2007) FULL TEXT // homeopathy Vs anti-biotics & analgesics for respiratory & ear complaints
8. Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
Comparing Luffa compositum-Heel nasal spray with cromolyn sodium spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (1999) FULL TEXT Double-blind Randomised trial with n=146,Homeopathic Nasal Spray containing Luffa, Galphimia, Histamine and Sulphur is as efficient and well tolerable as conventional therapy as Cromolyn Sodium
Treatment of rhinitis & sinus with Euphorbium compositum nasal drops (2005) // Homeopathy Vs xylometazoline, n=379
9. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
NervoHeel N for Nervous Disorders (2007) FULL TEXT
10.Arzneimittel-Forschung
Comparison of acetylsalicylic acid with Eupatorium perfoliatum 2X in treatment of common cold (1981) //RCT
11.Dermatology
Homoeopathic versus conventional therapy for atopic eczema in children(2009)
D4. HOMEOPATHY SUPERIOR TO PLACEBO
1. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Conclusions on the effectiveness of homeopathy depend on the set of analyzed trials (2008)// FULL TEXT homeopathy had a significant effect beyond placebo (odds ratio= 0.76) with p=0.039 at 95% CI
2. Forschende Komplementarmedizin
Homeopathic patho-genetic trials produce specific symptoms different from placebo (2009) FULL TEXT // homeopathy differs from placebo, n=25
3.Homeopathy
Double-blind Placebo-controlled homeopathic patho-genetic trials (2006) FULL TEXT
The 2005 meta-analysis of homeopathy: the importance of post-publication data (2008) FULL TEXT //Quality of homeopathic Trials is better than of conventional trials for all trials (p=0.03) as well as for smaller trials (p=0.003)
4. British Homoeopathic Journal
Homeopathic treatment in women with premenstrual syndrome (2001) FULL TEXT // 90% of patients who had received homeopathic treatment experienced more than 30% improvement (P=0.048). Only 37.5 % of patients who received placebo experienced a similar improvement, n=20
5.Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Homeopathy, sensation of well-being and CD4-levels (1998) FULL TEXT // individualised homeopathy improves sensation of well-being, provided evidence of ultra-high dilutions and may affect CD4 levels, n=36
Arnica for inflammation after knee surgery (2006) //Double-Blind Randomised Placebo Controlled trial with n=226
6. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Variation in Fourier transform infrared spectra of homeopathic potencies (2005) FULL TEXT // FTIR spectra of Nux Vomica 30c, Lycopodium 30c, Santonin 30c, Cina 30c distinguishes from solvent, sugar globule soaked in homeopathic medicine retains its specific spectral absorption propoerties
Gas Discharge Visualization Evaluation of Ultramolecular Doses of Homeopathic Medicines (2003) // distinguishing homeopathic medicine from solvent using Bio-Electro-graphy: Dynamic Electrophotonic Capture
7. British medical Journal
Clinical Trials of Homeopathy (1991) FULL TEXT // 77% of 105 studies show positive result of homeopathy
8.Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Efficacy of individualised homeopathic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (2004) Triple-Blind Study with n=92 Weak but equivocal evidence that the effects of homeopathic medicine are superior to placebo
9. Journal of Clinical Gastro-enterology
homeopathy for post-operative ileus (1997) // E. Ernst, 6 trials, 776 patients (meta-analysis) Statistically significant (p < 0.05) weighted mean difference in favor of homeopathy (compared to placebo)
10. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
homeopathic Galphimia glauca for hay fever (1997) // meta-analysis of 11 controlled trials: Significant superiority of Galphimia glauca over placebo is demonstrated
E. OUTCOME STUDIES
E1. HOMEOPATHY IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE
Homeopathic medical practice (2005) FULL TEXT // (Chronic) Disease severity and quality of life demonstrated marked and sustained improvements following homeopathic treatment in 3981 patients for 2 years
Disease severity decreases & QoL of life increases following homeopathy treatment (2008) FULL TEXT
http://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/286/354 (2008)
Treatment of allergic rhinitis with homeopathy (2005)
Homeopathic treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009)
Homeopathic Treatment of chronic low back pain (2009)
Scientific framework of evidence-based homeopathy (2008) FULL TEXT // page 4-5
Homeopathic and conventional therapies in patients with type-2 diabetic polyneuropathy(2009) //n-61, t= 1 year, p=0.016
Improved Clinical Status in Fibromyalgia patients treated with homeopathic remediesVs Placebo (2004) FULL TEXT // significantly greater improvements in tender point count and tender point pain, quality of life, global health and a trend toward less depression compared with those on placebo.
Homeopathic & antibiotic treatment strategies in recurrent acute rhinopharyngitis(2005) //In 499 patients homeopathy yielded significantly better results than antibiotics in terms of effectiveness, number of complications and quality of life
Quality of life in patients with headache, receiving homeopathic treatment(2001) FULL TEXT // statistically significant results in favour of homeopathy
E2. SAFETY PROFILE OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES
1.Forschende Komplementarmedizin
Effectiveness, Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Homeopathy in General Practice (2006) FULL TEXT
2.British Homoeopathic Journal
Efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel Spiroflor SRL in the treatment of acute low back pain (2001) FULL TEXT // SRL (Symphytum, RhusTox, Ledum Pal) is equally effective as Cremor Capsici Compositus FNA but has better safety profile, Double-blind Randomised Trial with n=21
3. Evidence-based Complimentary & Alternative Medicine
Homeopathic LM potencies Vs Fluoxetine for Depression (2009) FULL TEXT //Homeopathy not inferior to fluoxetine (Prozac) but had a better safety profile. Higher percentage of patients treated with fluoxetine reported troublesome side effects and there was a trend toward greater treatment interruption for adverse effects in the fluoxetine group compared to homeopathy, Double-blind Randomised Trial with n=91
IMAGES
UPDATE: UPTO THE END OF 2011
164 peer-reviewed papers published between 1950-2011 (inclusive) on RCT in 89 medical conditions
(1) Out of 164, 137 are placebo-controlled & 27 other-than-placebo controlled studies
(2) Out of 164, 71 (43%) papers reported +ve findings, 9 (6%) were negative; 80 (49%) were non-conclusive; 4 (2%) contained non-extractable data.
(3) Out of 137 pacebo-controlled studies, 41 are on individualised homeopathy and 96 on non-individualised homeopathy
(4) In 32 out of 89 disease conditions, there has been replicated research (2 or more RCT). In 22 out of 32 disease conditions, the results of replicated research were statistically significant.
(5) These 22 disease conditions are:
Respiratory: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Influenza, rhinitis, asthma, Common Cold, Otitis Media, Sinusitis
Others: Fibromyalgia, Arsenic toxicity, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Blood coagulation, diarrhea, Depression, Female infertility, Insomnia, Irritable bowel syndrome, Low back pain, Muscle soreness, arthritis, Post-operative bruising, Post-operative pain, Vertigo
For more details go here
Ref:http://www.homeopathyjournal.net/article/S1475-4916(12)00081-1/fulltext
CONCLUSIONS
Research claims to have confirmed the efficacy of homeopathic medicine. Additional support comes from the fact that animals, plants, infants and comatose patients also benefit from homeopathic treatment and it is unlikely that they will react psychologically to a medicine they often do not know they are being given
STILL TO WORK UPON
AYUSH
Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy
Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy-2
HomeoVision